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Peptide Vaccine
Published in Mesut Karahan, Synthetic Peptide Vaccine Models, 2021
Joel Lim Whye Ern, Tan Shen Leng, Tee Yi Na, Palaniarajan Vijayaraj Kumar
Typical vaccines are either attenuated, inactive, or purified antigen vaccines. Although attenuated vaccines produce strong and long-lasting protection, the safety concerns towards immunocompromised patients cannot be eliminated. On the other hand, inactive and purified antigen vaccines are usually safer and more stable, but they do not provide long-lasting immune response and required several doses over time. The utilization of liposomes as vaccine delivery vehicles is able overcome these limitations as it is ideal in combining antigen and adjuvant into an effective vaccine. The first utilization of liposome as vaccine delivery vehicles was in 1974 (Allison and Gregoriadis 1974). To date, a number of liposome-based vaccines are commercially approved for human use and several are under clinical trials (Marasini et al. 2017). Stimuvax, formerly known as BLP25 liposome vaccine, has been tested in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The formulation consists tecemotide antigen and 3-O-deacyl-4′-monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) adjuvant anchored in the membrane of the liposome. In the early-stage trial, the results showed the survival time of patients with the vaccine increased compared to the control group (Xia et al. 2014).
Adjuvant MUC vaccination with tecemotide after resection of colorectal liver metastases: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter AIO phase II trial (LICC)
Published in OncoImmunology, 2020
Carl Christoph Schimanski, Stefan Kasper, Susanna Hegewisch-Becker, Jan Schröder, Friedrich Overkamp, Frank Kullmann, Wolf Otto Bechstein, Matthias Vöhringer, Robert Öllinger, Florian Lordick, Volker Heinemann, Michael Geißler, Armin Schulz-Abelius, Helga Bernhard, Michael R. Schön, Richard Greil, Peter Galle, Hauke Lang, Irene Schmidtmann, Markus Moehler
Tecemotide is an antigen-specific cancer vaccine inducing immunity against mucin-1 (MUC1), a glycoprotein expressed on the cell surface of many normal epithelial tissues and over- or aberrantly expressed on many carcinoma cells, including primary CRC16 and CRLM.17 MUC1 is known to promote tumor cell growth, survival, and metastasis.18,19 Tecemotide incorporates the synthetic, 25 amino acid, non-glycosylated MUC1 lipopeptide (BLP25), and the nonspecific immunoadjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) in a liposomal delivery system.18 Its proposed mode of action is to trigger an antigen-specific T-cell immune response in tumor cells expressing the MUC1 antigen.18 In patients with non-small-cell-lung carcinoma (NSCLC), tecemotide has shown promising results for subgroups but lacked statistically significant survival difference in the total population.20,21