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Thyroid and Parathyroid Pathology
Published in R James A England, Eamon Shamil, Rajeev Mathew, Manohar Bance, Pavol Surda, Jemy Jose, Omar Hilmi, Adam J Donne, Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, 2022
Parathyroid carcinoma is rare. It is slow-growing and tends to invade local structures and to metastasise late. Complete excision at first operation affords the best opportunity for cure, although it relies upon early recognition of malignancy.
Familial Hyperparathyroidism
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Tumor Syndromes, 2020
Luigia Cinque, Alfredo Scillitani, Vito Guarnieri
As mentioned, in HPT-JT, parathyroid lesions may be malignant up to 15% of cases. However, in the absence of metastasis or local recurrences, recognizing a malignant from a benign parathyroid neoplasia in the initial diagnosis can be challenging even for an expert endocrinologist or surgeon [43,44]. In general, parathyroid carcinoma presents with profound hypercalcemia accompanied by fatigue, depression, nausea, vomiting, abdominal and bone pain, and often appears as a cervical palpable mass [45]. During the operation, an experienced surgeon may recognize a carcinoma by some specific features such as: Size with an average of 3 cm and weight ranging from 2 to 10 g, up to 250 times weightier than a normal parathyroid gland [46]Color ranging from grayish to white [46]Firm adherence and/or invasion of surrounding structures [47]
The Thyroid and the Parathyroid Glands
Published in E. George Elias, CRC Handbook of Surgical Oncology, 2020
Parathyroid carcinoma is an uncommon disease. It is estimated that 0.5 to 1.5% of patients with hyperparathyroidism have parathyroid carcinomas.15 Primary parathyroid carcinomas can be functional or nonfunctional with an incidence of 10:1, i.e., the majority are functional and produce parathormone. The parathyroid glands can also be the site of metastases, for example, from breast carcinoma and melanoma. As it stands today, radiation therapy to the head and neck region has not been blamed for the development of parathyroid carcinomas.
A single-center experience of parathyroidectomy in 1500 cases for secondary hyperparathyroidism: a retrospective study
Published in Renal Failure, 2022
Shasha Zhao, Wei Gan, Wenjia Xie, Jinlong Cao, Liang Zhang, Ping Wen, Junwei Yang, Mingxia Xiong
Coping with coexistent thyroid disease should be noteworthy. In addition to nodular hyperplasia and adenomatous hyperplasia, thyroid carcinoma was not uncommon, with a prevalence of 4.08%. Most identified thyroid carcinomas were papillary carcinomas, of which 65.67% were microcarcinomas, and lymph node metastasis existed in 21.31% of cases. This was partly explained by the fact that parathyroid papillary carcinoma was the most common parathyroid carcinoma, often asymptomatic and detected as incidental findings on autopsy or in surgical specimens [27]. Previous studies on thyroid carcinoma in patients with SHPT were mainly clinical analyses. Cristina et al. [28] collected clinical data from 217 patients undergoing parathyroidectomy for hyperparathyroidism (including 140 cases for primary hyperparathyroidism and 77 cases for secondary hyperparathyroidism), and the incidences of papillary thyroid carcinoma were 13.57% and 11.69%, respectively. There was no significant difference in incidence between the two groups. It seemed that patients with hyperparathyroidism were prone to thyroid cancer, but its pathogenesis has remained unclear until now.
Parathyroid carcinoma in chronic renal disease – a case series of three patients and review of literature
Published in Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 2023
Vladan Zivaljevic, Rastko Zivic, Nikola Slijepcevic, Matija Buzejic, Dusko Dundjerovic, Jasna Trbojevic Stankovic, Dejan Stojakov, Milan Jovanovic, Ivan Paunovic
For pathologists, the most challenging part is to differentiate between parathyroid carcinoma and an atypical parathyroid adenoma [8]. The first parathyroid carcinoma in a patient receiving haemodialysis was reported by Berland et al. in 1982. Since then, 35 additional cases have been reported, including our 3 cases (Table 2) [4–7,9–30]. Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare endocrine tumour, with an approximate incidence of 0.005% among all cancers [1]. Preoperative diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma can be challenging, especially in patients with ESRD. In the absence of thyroid infiltration, locoregional or distant metastases, it is even more difficult for clinicians to make the diagnosis.
Surgical management of primary hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy: a systematic review of the literature
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2021
Constantinos Nastos, Anna Paspala, Ioanna Mavroeidi, Fotios Stavratis, Vaia Lampadiari, Sophia Kalantaridou, Melpomeni Peppa, Emmanuil Pikoulis
The median number of excised parathyroid glands was 1 (range 1–5). Histopathological examination was reported in 69 (75%) cases. In 62 (89.8%) cases, parathyroid adenomas were removed successfully, while hypercellular parathyroid tissue was excised in 3 (4.3%) women. Furthermore, two (2.9%) patients were incidentally diagnosed with a synchronous papillary thyroid cancer and parathyroid adenoma, one (1.4%) had parathyromatosis and finally one (1.4%) case was diagnosed with parathyroid carcinoma.