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Integrating CADD and Herbal Informatics Approach to Explore Potential Drug Candidates Against HPV E6 Associated With Cervical Cancer
Published in Shazia Rashid, Ankur Saxena, Sabia Rashid, Latest Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of Women-Associated Cancers, 2022
Arushi Verma, Jyoti Bala, Navkiran Kaur, Anupama Avasthi
As to the proposed two inhibitors of E6 oncoprotein, luteolin is in early Phase I clinical trials for other types of cancer including tongue carcinoma (NCT03288298), and daphnoretin recently patented as an effective treatment against tissue/organ rejection or GVHD [32]. Luteolin is reported to inhibit cell proliferation, survival signalling, angiogenesis and metastasis by inhibiting P13K-Akt, and it acts on apoptosis by activating DR5 and inhibiting Bcl-XL in various types of cancers [33]. Daphnoretin is known to exert its anticancer effects through the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, the induction of G2/M-phase arrest and apoptosis [28]. Synergistic approaches by combining two or more of such herbal-based compounds are also in progress; for example, luteolin with quercetin and rutin are currently being tested for autism spectrum disorder (Phase II) (NCT01847521). Herein we are proposing the use of luteolin and daphnorectin as key inhibitors of HPV E6, and further validation of these in terms of in vitro and preclinical studies are required.
Leukemias
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2020
The Ph chromosome is formed as a result of a reciprocal translocation of genetic material of chromosomes 9 and 22 expressed as t(9;22) (q34;q11) (Figure 28.8).64 The various genetic events are well described and result in the production of three different oncoproteins based on the breakpoints involved.65 The CP of CML is associated with the p210BCR-ABL1 protein and two slightly different chimeric BCR-ABL1 genes, which in turn result in either an e13a2 or an e14a2 transcript. There appear to be no major differences in the phenotypic features of the CML associated with these two different transcripts, though recent work suggests that they might have a different impact on efforts to accord TFR. BT is characterized by the appearance of additional cytogenetic abnormalities (ACA) in Ph-positive cells and the emergence of somatic mutations, in particular ASXL1, IKZF1, and RUNX1.
Gene Therapy for Lung Cancer
Published in Kenneth L. Brigham, Gene Therapy for Diseases of the Lung, 2020
Choon Taek Lee, David P. Carbone
Targeted abrogation of overexpressed oncoproteins in cancer cells can also be accomplished by the delivery of a gene encoding for what is known as an “intracellular antibody” (107). In this approach, the introduced gene encodes a single-chain Fv, which, when expressed and translated intracellularly, recognizes and entraps the oncoprotein, inhibiting its function. This has been successfully applied to erbB-2 in ovarian cancer (108,109), where dramatic growth inhibition and prolonged survival of human tumors in xenografted animals was observed after delivery of the gene with a recombinant adenovirus. As this oncoprotein is also expressed in breast and lung cancers (110-112), it has therapeutic potential for these tumor sites as well.
Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) targeting the BCR-ABL for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia – a patent review
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2023
André T. S. Vicente, Jorge A.R. Salvador
However, whether by overexpression or activation/inactivation of certain proteins, the vast majority of human pathologies result from protein dysfunctions, and in the light of current knowledge, it is known that more than 3000 proteins are associated with the development of diseases, including cancer [3,4]. In this sense, more than 600 proteins identified as being responsible for the development of oncological diseases, the so-called oncogenic proteins or oncoproteins, are seen as the main targets in anticancer therapies, where their inhibition using small molecular inhibitors (SMIs) or monoclonal antibodies has saved lives [5]. However, obtaining drugs with highly effective and safe responses against the development of oncological diseases is still unsatisfactory, which leads to an incessant search for new alternatives.
Emerging therapeutic targets in myeloproliferative neoplasms and peripheral T-cell leukemia and lymphomas
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 2018
Anna Orlova, Bettina Wingelhofer, Heidi A. Neubauer, Barbara Maurer, Angelika Berger-Becvar, György Miklós Keserű, Patrick T. Gunning, Peter Valent, Richard Moriggl
The last decade of cancer research has been significantly shaped by major advances in next-generation sequencing technologies that have led to the analysis of more than 100,000 whole cancer genomes [4]. Approximately 4 million coding mutations have been identified, defining 500 genes that act as functional cancer drivers [5,6], many of which participate in core cancer pathways [7]. The ability to define hyperactivated signaling pathways that are commonly deregulated allows for development of new therapies. One strategy focuses on the development of drugs designed to directly target driver oncoproteins that cancer cells are addicted to. In contrast, specific targeting of a tumor suppressor to restore normal function has been reported but remains challenging. However, loss of tumor suppressors, such as SOCS2 or PRC2, leads to hyperactivation of the JAK-STAT pathway which could be targeted instead [8,9].
Advances in identification and selection of personalized neoantigen/T-cell pairs for autologous adoptive T cell therapies
Published in OncoImmunology, 2021
Florian Kast, Christian Klein, Pablo Umaña, Alena Gros, Stephan Gasser
As defined by the etymology of the word, neoantigens are “new” or non-self-protein products that are capable of inducing an immune response. These can originate from mutated gene products, expression of viral oncoproteins and unconventional antigens such as aberrant splicing and translation.14 Such antigens escape central tolerance and are exquisitely tumor-specific. These features render them exceptionally attractive to treat cancer and offer a target space that cannot easily be accessed by bispecific antibodies or CAR-T-based therapies. Recent studies suggest that T cell responses in patients with melanoma are dominated by neoantigens arising from tumor-specific somatic mutations.15