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Cardiac Tumours
Published in Mary N. Sheppard, Practical Cardiovascular Pathology, 2022
Primary cardiac tumours are extremely rare and constitute only about 5% of all cardiac tumours. Metastatic tumours to or directly invading into the heart are far more common with a 20–40 times higher incidence than primary tumours. Primary tumours of the heart and pericardium have an incidence between 0.0017% and 0.028% in collective series.1 About 75% of primary tumours are benign and most are atrial myxomas. The other benign tumours include rhabdomyomas, fibromas, papillary fibroelastomas, haemangiomas, pericardial cysts, lipomas, hamartomas, teratomas and paragangliomas/pheochromocytomas. The much rarer malignant tumours are sarcomas: myxosarcoma, liposarcoma, angiosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, undifferentiated sarcoma, neurofibrosarcoma and lymphoma.
Clinical Neuroanatomy
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Christopher P Aldren, Doris-Eva Bamiou, Raymond W Clarke, Richard M Irving, Haytham Kubba, Shakeel R Saeed, Paediatrics, The Ear, Skull Base, 2018
Primary malignant orbital tumours are usually rhabdomyosarcomas that are locally invasive and usually occur in childhood. Rarely, fibrosarcoma, myxosarcoma, liposarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma and haemangioendotheliomas may occur. Lacrimal gland tumours of variable malignancy occur and tend to be locally invasive through the roof of the orbit into the intracranial cavity.
Congenital lung malformations
Published in Brice Antao, S Irish Michael, Anthony Lander, S Rothenberg MD Steven, Succeeding in Paediatric Surgery Examinations, 2017
Matias Bruzoni, Craig T Albanese
The management of asymptomatic CPAMs continues to be controversial, with some authors advocating observation and others recommending elective resection. However, most agree that there is substantial evidence against a ‘wait and see’ approach. A growing number of reports document malignancies such as myxosarcoma, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, pleuropulmonary blastoma, and bronchioalveolar carcinoma arising in CPAMs. Thus, precise radiographic localisation is key prior to a planned resection.
Histotripsy ablation for the treatment of feline injection site sarcomas: a first-in-cat in vivo feasibility study
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2023
Lauren Ruger, Ester Yang, Sheryl Coutermarsh-Ott, Elliana Vickers, Jessica Gannon, Marlie Nightengale, Andy Hsueh, Brittany Ciepluch, Nikolaos Dervisis, Eli Vlaisavljevich, Shawna Klahn
All samples were evaluated grossly at the time of submission as well as microscopically following routine processing. Treatment areas were identified via clinician localization at the time of sectioning. Grossly, all tumors were composed of soft to firm, white, lobulated tissue that exhibited varying degrees of tissue infiltration. In treated areas, all three samples exhibited varying degrees of tissue softening, tissue loss, and hemorrhage. In 1/3 patients (Patient #2), the ablation zone was sharply demarcated from adjacent untreated tissue; in 2/3 (Patients #1 and #3), it was less well demarcated. Two of the three samples were diagnosed as fibrosarcomas (Patients #1 and #2), and one was diagnosed as a myxosarcoma (Patient #3). Two tumors were grade III (Patients #2 and #3), and one was a grade I tumor (Patient #1) [33].
Feasibility of targeting canine soft tissue sarcoma with MR-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2018
Marion C. Seward, Gregory B. Daniel, Jeffrey D. Ruth, Nikolaos Dervisis, Ari Partanen, Pavel S. Yarmolenko
Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) in dogs account for 15% of all skin tumours and 7% of all subcutaneous tumours [1] with a standardised incidence rate of 122 cases/100 000 dogs/year [2]. STS are mesenchymal cell tumours, which may arise in any anatomical site including muscle, adipose, neurovascular, fascial and fibrous tissue. STS tumour types include fibrosarcoma, peripheral nerve sheath tumour (PNST), undifferentiated sarcoma, liposarcoma, myxosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial cell sarcoma and lymphangiosarcoma [1]. Sarcomas metastasise hematogenously in up to 20% of cases [1]. STS tumours are locally aggressive and can proliferate through and along fascial planes making excision with clean margins difficult. Wide excision is the foundation of treatment [3]. However, local recurrence is common and radical surgery such as limb amputation is often required to achieve adequate surgical margins [1].