China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Safety considerations and occupational hazards
Published in Wim P. Ceelen, Edward A. Levine, Intraperitoneal Cancer Therapy, 2015
Joel M. Baumgartner, Kaitlyn J. Kelly, Andrew M. Lowy
MMC is a cytotoxic antibiotic derived from fungus that also acts by cross-linking DNA in yet a different mechanism than alkylating agents and platinum-based compounds. MMC is classified as IARC Group 2B. Doxorubicin is a type of anthracycline antibiotic. Doxorubicin acts by intercalating into DNA between base pairs that causes uncoiling of the helical structure. This results in inhibition of DNA synthesis and apoptosis of rapidly dividing cells. Doxorubicin is classified as IARC Group 2A.
Potential toxicities of carbon nanotubes: time for a reminder
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2020
Nico van Zandwijk, Arthur L Frank
In 2013, the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) called for attention to the potential hazards of and recommended an exposure limit for carbon nanotubes [10]. Since 2016, the use of single-wall carbon nanotubes is guided by the European Union’s Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) regulations [11]. Carbon nanotubes are high on the priority list for IARC monographs [12]. So far, one category of carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-7) [13]was classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans (IARC Group 2B) but it is evident that world-wide preventive measures have not yet been considered or taken. Preventive measures might primarily focus on the restriction of carbon nanotubes with a high aspect ratio as asbestos-like pathogenicity of long carbon nanotubes seems to be alleviated by chemical modification (shortening) [14].
Risk characterisation of constituents present in jamu to promote its safe use
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2021
Suparmi Suparmi, Dasep Wahidin, Ivonne M. C. M. Rietjens
The AB safrole is categorised in IARC group 2B, probably carcinogenic to humans based on its carcinogenicity in rodent bioassays at high dose levels (Miller et al. 1983), and also estragole and methyl eugenol are considered to be genotoxic and carcinogenic (SCF 2001a, 2001b, 2002; Zeller et al. 2009). Previously, substantial levels of hepatic methyl eugenol DNA adducts were detected in the liver of human subjects, most likely resulting from regular dietary exposure (Herrmann et al. 2013). Twenty-nine out of 30 human liver samples were reported to contain the N2-(trans-methylisoeugenol-3′-yl)-2′-deoxyguanosine adduct at levels up to 36.2 adducts/108 nts (Herrmann et al. 2013).