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Panax quinquefolium (American Ginseng) and Physostigma venenosum (Calabar Bean)
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Sushweta Mahalanobish, Noyel Ghosh, Parames C. Sil
Cancer is considered to be one of the deadliest diseases, responsible for worldwide death (Dutta et al., 2019). Implication of phytochemicals in the field of cancer therapy is increasing gradually due to their wide availability and minimal side effects (Dandawate et al., 2016; Zhao et al., 2018). Most of the studies related to the anticancer property of AG have been focused on colorectal cancer. Ginsenoside Rh2, one of the active ingredients of AG, exhibited a potent anticancer effect on the human colorectal cancer cell line HCT116. It has been noted to suppress abnormal HCT116 cell proliferation by inhibiting the increased expression of PDZ-binding kinase/T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase (serine/threonine protein kinase) (Yang et al., 2016a). PPD-mediated cell cycle arrest in G1/S checkpoint in HCT116 cells inhibited cellular proliferation. In a HCT116 xenograft mice model, PPD has been found to suppress nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways to inhibit tumor cell growth (Gao et al., 2013). Additionally, AG-mediated downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines has also been shown to provide protection against azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate-induced mice colon carcinogenesis (Yu et al., 2015). Application of AG root steamed extract (0.1 mg/mL) has been found to cause mitochondrial damage and exaggerated ROS production to induce apoptotic death in colorectal cancer cells (Li et al., 2010a).
Recent Advancements of Curcumin Analogs and Curcumin Formulations in Context to Modern Pharmacotherapeutics Perspectives
Published in Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Cristóbal Noé Aguilar, A. K. Haghi, Applied Pharmaceutical Practice and Nutraceuticals, 2021
Animeshchandra G. M. Haldar, Kanhaiya M. Dadure, Debarshi Kar Mahapatra
New compounds series of curcuminoids having some replacement in C-5 position in curcumin with anticancer activity have been synthesized by Anthwal et al.31 and screened against colon cancer (HCT116) cell lines and chronic myeloid leukemia (KBM5) human cancer cell line. Further, as compared with curcumin, these compounds also resulted in better inhibitory effect on TNF-5-induced NF-5B activation. Newly synthesized compounds were resulted to show better cytotoxicity than curcumin standard against cancer cell lines.
Essential Oils in Cancer Therapy
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Carmen Trummer, Gerhard Buchbauer
Melaleuca alternifolia (Maid. and Betch.) Cheel, also known as the tea tree, belongs to the botanical family Myrtaceae. The main component of the EO is terpinen-4-ol, and it was studied for its antitumoral activity against colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 and RKO (Nakayama et al., 2017). To evaluate the effect of terpinen-4-ol in vivo, a xenograft model was used. The authors implanted HCT116 cells (2 × 106 cells per mouse) into 14 mice and injected 200 mg/kg of terpinen-4-ol. The EO exhibited apoptotic cell death in HCT116 and RKO cells via reactive oxygen species. This happened in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with the control group, the EO also showed an inhibition of the proliferation of HCT116 xenografts. All these effects were achieved without damaging normal cells.
Molecular pharmacology of multitarget cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in human colorectal carcinoma cells
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 2023
Sonal M. Manohar, Kalpana S. Joshi
In order to study effect of CDK inhibitors on p53 and p21 expression, HCT116 and Colo-205 cell lines were used as they harbor a wild type p53 gene [29,30]. HCT116 cells were treated with IC50 and 3 × IC50 of each of the three CDK inhibitors for 18 and 24 h and at the end of the treatment, protein expression analysis was carried out for p53 and p21 (Figure 1a). After 18 h treatment, p53 was up regulated in response to riviciclib and roscovitine but was inhibited by UCN-01. In addition, p21 was significantly up regulated by roscovitine and UCN-01 at IC50 concentration and by riviciclib at both concentrations post 18 h treatment. Similar changes were seen after 24 h treatment. Hence, 18 h time point was selected for p53/p21 expression studies in Colo-205. In Colo-205, both riviciclib and roscovitine inhibited p53 and p21 expression whereas UCN-01 treatment inhibited only p21 expression (Figure 1b). Thus, in both the cell lines, there was no correlation observed in the pattern of changes in p53 and p21 expression. Densitometric analysis of all western blots is given in Supplementary file 1.
Ultrasound-sensitive cRGD-modified liposomes as a novel drug delivery system
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2022
Nour M. AlSawaftah, Vinod Paul, Doua Kosaji, Leen Khabbaz, Nahid S. Awad, Ghaleb A. Husseini
1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (ammonium salt) (DSPE-PEG(200)-NH2) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) were obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids Inc. (Alabaster, Alabama, USA, supplied by Labco LLC. Dubai, UAE). Cyanuric chloride, L-glutamine, antibiotic solutions, trypsin, cholesterol, calcein disodium salt, the protein assay kit (bicinchoninic acid), RPMI-1640 media, foetal bovine serum as well as Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline (DPBS) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (supplied by Labco LLC., Dubai, UAE). Cyclic (Arg-Gly-Asp-d-Phe-Cys) (cRGD) was purchased from Musechem (Fairfield, NJ, USA, supplied by Labco LLC., Dubai, UAE). Chloroform was purchased from Panreac Quimica S.A. (Barcelona, Spain). The human colorectal carcinoma (HCT116) cell line was obtained from the European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures (ECACC general cell collection, Salisbury, UK). Figure 1 shows the difference in structure between the linear and cyclic RGD.
Oxaliplatin-loaded nanoemulsion containing Teucrium polium L. essential oil induces apoptosis in Colon cancer cell lines through ROS-mediated pathway
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Waad A. Al-Otaibi, Sahar M. AlMotwaa
The HCT116 cells had lower levels of p53 protein than HT-29 cells. This is due to the mutant p53 type in HT-29 cells which is characterized by overexpression of p53 protein more than the wild-type HCT116 (Toscano et al., 2007; Jang et al., 2019; Dabiri et al., 2019). However, treatment of HCT116 cells with Oxa-NS and Oxa + TPO-NANO resulted in marked increases in p53 levels relative to the control (p < 0.05), whereas cells treated with TPO-NANO exhibited p53 level similar to that of untreated cells (p < 0.05). Treatment of HT-29 cells with Oxa-NS produced the highest level of p53 protein, followed by cells treated with Oxa + TPO-NANO and TPO-NANO which had higher p53 levels than control cells (p ≥ 0.05). It was previously demonstrated that overexpression of mutated p53 with a reduced or absent function in cancer cells is often associated with drug resistance (Hientz et al., 2017). A study reported that mutant p53 HT-29 cells failed to activate p38 signaling, and had significantly less cytotoxicity and apoptosis than p53 wild-type HCT116 cell lines (Dabiri et al., 2019). However, some researchers have demonstrated that the inactive status of p53 is not a predictive factor for the apoptotic response of colon cancer cells to Oxa, suggesting that the function of p53 protein in the cellular response to Oxa may be due to the differences in their genetic profiles, and that other factors are likely to affect numerous pathways, thereby modulating cellular sensitivity to this drug (Arango et al., 2004; Seo et al., 2002; Petit et al., 2003).