China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Published in Peter Sagar, Andrew G. Hill, Charles H. Knowles, Stefan Post, Willem A. Bemelman, Patricia L. Roberts, Susan Galandiuk, John R.T. Monson, Michael R.B. Keighley, Norman S. Williams, Keighley & Williams’ Surgery of the Anus, Rectum and Colon, 2019
Lester Gottesman, Christina Cellini
Typically, gonococcal proctitis presents with classic physical examination findings. Although the perineum is generally not involved, purulent discharge on the rectal walls or within the lumen can be seen on anoscopy. Occasionally, non-specific findings such as erythema, oedema and friability may be present. Swabs should be taken of the discharge. If taken, the majority of biopsies will be normal.23 Gram stains typically demonstrate the presence of white blood cells containing intracellular Gram-negative diplococci.
Dry-Fill Formulation and Filling Technology
Published in Larry L. Augsburger, Stephen W. Hoag, Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, 2017
Pavan Heda, Vikas Agarwal, Shailesh K. Singh
Similarly, enrobed Geltabs can also be manufactured. Capsugel’s Press Fit gelcaps are a unique dosage form consisting of a high-gloss gelatin coating that encases a caplet core. They use a patented cold-shrink process on a special filling and coating machine. The X-Press-Fit gelcaps are similar to the Press-Fit gelcaps but have an exposed center portion for rapid release. Soflet gelcaps (Banner Pharmacaps) are caplets filled in soft gelatin capsules. One key advantage of these dosage forms is ease of swallowing. Also, it eliminates any tablet friability and dusting issues and protects patients from exposure to potent compounds. In addition, it provides unique product identification by choosing from a range of colors. Gelatin film maintains product integrity and hermetically seals the tablet from exposure and thereby provides increased stability.
Impact of urinary incontinence and urogenital atrophy on the vulva
Published in Miranda A. Farage, Howard I. Maibach, The Vulva, 2017
Sushma Srikrishna, Linda Cardozo
Physiological changes result in reduced vaginal blood flow, diminished lubrication, decreased flexibility and elasticity of the vaginal vault, and increased vaginal pH (19,24,25). Furthermore, decreases in vaginal tissue strength and increased friability may predispose to epithelial damage with vaginal penetrative sexual activity, leading to vaginal pain, burning, fissuring, irritation, and bleeding after sex (22,26). Epithelial thinning with decreased glycogenated superficial cells leads to changes in vaginal flora and loss of lactobacilli, increased pH, and a change in the microbiome (13). Concomitant with these changes is a reduction in the vaginal Lactobacillus population, which in turn leads to greater vaginal alkalinity and further contributes to the greater risk of urinary tract infections (27).
Hyaluronic acid in vulvar and vaginal administration: evidence from a literature systematic review
Published in Climacteric, 2021
G. Buzzaccarini, L. Marin, M. Noventa, A. Vitagliano, A. Riva, F. Dessole, G. Capobianco, L. Bordin, A. Andrisani, G. Ambrosini
Considering its characteristics, HA seems to be a solution for refilling a tissue with this native substance with moisturizing and lubricant properties, while avoiding the use of chemical drugs. Indeed, VVA is a condition with a specific anatomic and physiologic pattern, since its physiopathology relies on a lack of estrogens. Anatomically, in HA, collagen and elastin decrease, the epithelium becomes thinner, smooth muscle cells reduce their activity and connective tissue increases its density and reduces its vascularization. The labia minora regress, the introitus retracts and hymenal carunculae involute. Physiologically, vaginal blood flow, lubrication, flexibility and elasticity reduce and vaginal pH increase [13,43,44]. In particular, a higher vaginal pH predisposes to altered microbiome and, subsequently, vaginal infections [45,46]. Moreover, vaginal friability may predispose to abrasion during sexual intercourse causing pain and bleeding [47].
Sustained release formulation of Ondansetron HCl using osmotic drug delivery approach
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2020
Ramakant Gundu, Sanjay Pekamwar, Santosh Shelke, Santosh Shep, Deepak Kulkarni
Tablets were evaluated for weight variation, friability, hardness, and dissolution studies. Weight variations of the tablets were done by weighing 20 random tablets. Average weight of the tablet was used to determine the weight variation. The tablets meet the test if not more than two tablets are outside the limit and if no tablet differs by more than two times the limit. The weight of tablet was measured in terms of mg. Friability is the measure of tablet strength. USP friability apparatus (Electrolab, Mumbai, India) was used for testing the friability of the tablets. Ten tablets were weighed and placed in friabilator and the instrument was operated for 100 revolutions for 4 min (25 rpm.) The tablets were then dusted and reweighed. The friability of tablets was calculated by using following formula:
Use of extrusion aids for successful production of Kollidon® CL-SF pellets by extrusion–spheronization
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2018
Nikhil C. Loka, Kalyan K. Saripella, Colin A. Pinto, Steven H. Neau
Friability is a measure of the robustness of the pellets that is important for further processing, handling, and packaging [43]. The friability for each of the batches was less than 5% which is considered acceptable for pellets when exposed to glass beads in the friabilator [33]. ANOVA reveals the factors and two-factor interactions that were significant in their influence on friability. There was a normal distribution of the friability residuals. Other normality statistical tests cannot be performed to check for normality because of the correlation that exists between these residuals [57].