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Germ cell tumours
Published in Brice Antao, S Irish Michael, Anthony Lander, S Rothenberg MD Steven, Succeeding in Paediatric Surgery Examinations, 2017
Roshni Dasgupta, Richard G Azizkhan
Endodermal sinus tumours of the ovary are particularly aggressive. A review of the literature in 1979, prior to the widespread use of combination chemotherapy, found that only 27% of 96 patients with stage I endodermal sinus tumour were alive at 2 years after diagnosis. More than 50% of the patients died within a year of diagnosis. These rates have significantly improved with the use of platinum-based chemotherapeutic regimens. Endodermal sinus tumours often have elevated lac-tate dehydrogenase levels that can be used for tumour surveillance once treated.
Vaginal Swellings
Published in Tony Hollingworth, Differential Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynaecology: An A-Z, 2015
As with any type of malignancy, there is always the possibility of primary or secondary tumours. Primary tumours of the vagina are rare, and management needs to be undertaken at a gynaecological cancer centre. By and large the prognosis for these tumours is poor despite radical surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The types of tumour are: Squamous cell carcinomas: the vast majority; usually occur in the upper vagina and usually treated by radiotherapyClear cell carcinomas: these were thought at one time to be related to exposure to diethylstilboestrol while in utero. Often they are aggressive tumours with high recurrence rate.Malignant melanomas: these may present with bleeding rather than swelling. The prognosis is very poor.Endodermal sinus tumour:4 this is a very rare type of malignant germ cell tumour which is exclusively seen in children under the age of 3 years.Rhabdomyosarcoma (sarcoma botryoides):5 this is a rare tumour in girls under 5 years, which usually presents as vaginal bleeding. It has a characteristic appearance, like a bunch of grapes, and microscopic section proves its nature.Secondary tumours usually originate from the local organs, namely the cervix and uterus, although there have been reports of secondaries from primary tumours in the ovary, colon, choriocarcinoma, and hypernephroma.
Serum cytokines and CXCR2: potential tumour markers in ovarian neoplasms
Published in Biomarkers, 2020
Douglas Côbo Micheli, Millena Prata Jammal, Agrimaldo Martins-Filho, José Rodolfo Ximenes de Moraes Côrtes, Cristiane Naffah de Souza, Rosekeila Simões Nomelini, Eddie Fernando Candido Murta, Beatriz Martins Tavares-Murta
The anatomopathological analysis showed that most cases of non-neoplastic ovarian lesions were endometrioma (36.4%), followed by simple cysts (21.2%). Patients with benign neoplasia were mainly diagnosed with serous cystadenoma (31.9%), followed by mature cystic teratoma (27.8%) and mucinous cystadenoma (29.2%). In the malignant neoplasia group, papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma was the most frequent diagnosis (20.0%), followed by granulosa cell tumours (16.7%), borderline mucinous tumour (20.0%), borderline serous tumour (6.7%), dysgerminoma (6.7%), clear cell carcinoma (6.7%), and other diagnoses (3.3%). The other items included endometrioid adenocarcinoma, high-grade neoplasia, immature teratoma, Sertoli–Leydig cell tumour, germ cell tumour, endodermal sinus tumour, and giant cell adenocarcinoma, which were exhibited by one individual each.
Cytokines in peritoneal fluid of ovarian neoplasms
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2020
Cid Almeida de Lima, Isac Souza Silva Rodrigues, Agrimaldo Martins-Filho, Douglas Côbo Micheli, Beatriz Martins Tavares-Murta, Eddie Fernando Candido Murta, Rosekeila Simões Nomelini
Regarding the histological subtypes, of the non-neoplastic tumours eight (57.3%) were simple cysts, three (21.4%) were tecaluteinic cysts, one (7.1%) was a follicular cyst and two (14.2) were haemorrhagic corpus luteum cysts. Benign neoplasms included 24 (32.4%) serous cystadenomas, 23 (31%) mature cystic teratomas, 22 (29.7%) mucinous cystadenomas, two (2.7%) Brenner tumours, one (1.4%), papillary cystadenomas serous, one (1.4%) fibroma and one (1.4%) fibrothecoma. In malignant neoplasms, the following histological subtypes were found: six (20.6%) mucinous borderline tumours, six (20.6%) serous cystadenocarcinomas, five (17.2%) granulosa cell tumours, two (6.8%) serous borderline tumours, two (6.8%) clear cell carcinomas, one (3.5%) dysgerminoma, one (3.5%) endometrioid adenocarcinoma, one (3.5%) high grade carcinoma, one (3.5%) Sertoli cell tumour, one (3.5%) mixed germ cell tumour, one (3.5%) endodermal sinus tumour, one (3.5%) immature teratoma and one (3.5%) large cell adenocarcinoma.
Renal Yolk Sac Tumor Clinically Misdiagnosed as Nephroblastoma: A Case Report
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2023
Meng Zhu, Chengmao Xia, Jie Yang, Zhe Liu, Xiaowen Zhao, Yaling Li, Bin Liu, Yanli Yang, Yali She
Yolk sac tumor (YST) is a highly malignant tumor derived from primitive germ cells, which is also known as endodermal sinus tumor (EST) because of the unique endoblastoid sinus structure (Schille-Duvel corpuscles, S-D corpuscles) in rodent placenta in some cases [1]. YST mainly occurs in gonads, while those occurring outside the gonads are predominately midline, such as sacral caudal region, uterus, vagina, prostate, mediastinum [2, 3]. Children’s yolk sac tumor may occur in unusual locations, and in the absence of histological diagnosis, they can exhibit features similar to other tumors. This report describes a renal yolk sac tumor clinically misdiagnosed as Wilms tumor. It is a warning that not all kidney tumors in children are Wilms tumors.