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Alnus glutinosa (Alder) and Moringa oleifera (Drumstick Tree)
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Devashree N. Patil, Swati T. Gurme, Pankaj S. Mundada, Jyoti. P. Jadhav
Platyphylloside - 5(S)-1,7-di(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3- heptanone-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and 5(S)-1,7-di(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-O-β-D-[6-(E-p-coumaroylglucopyranosyl)] heptane-3 one compounds protected noncancerous human keratinocytes (HaCaT) against doxorubicin-induced DNA damage in cells (Dinić et al., 2015). As a result, during chemotherapy, it acts as a chemoprotective agent for noncancerous dividing cells.
Nucleic Acids as Therapeutic Targets and Agents
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
Currently, amifostine (EthyolTM) (Figure 5.112), marketed by the Clinigen Group, is the only FDA- and EMA-approved agent of this type, although it is considered more of a radio- and chemoprotective agent. It was approved by the FDA in 1999 for the reduction of incidence and severity of xerostomia (i.e., dry mouth) in patients receiving radiotherapy for head and neck cancer, and for protection against nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity after treatment with platinum agents.
Alternative Medicine in Vitiligo Including Home Remedies
Published in Vineet Relhan, Vijay Kumar Garg, Sneha Ghunawat, Khushbu Mahajan, Comprehensive Textbook on Vitiligo, 2020
Commonly called babchi, P. corylifolia has been in use for a long time in traditional Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine for its excellent effects in treating a variety of skin disorders. Pharmacologically it has a role as an antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and chemoprotective agent. This plant grows throughout the plains of India, commonly in the semi-arid regions of Rajasthan and the eastern districts of Punjab, adjoining Uttar Pradesh [3,4], as well as in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, especially southern Africa and China [5].
Amelioration of Bleomycin and Methotrexate-Induced Pulmonary Toxicity by Serratiopeptidase and Fisetin
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Muhammad Shahbaz, Sairah Hafeez Kamran, Rukhsana Anwar
Chemoprotection facilitated by chemoprotective agents can be defined as the prevention of toxicity by one chemical with the addition of another chemical. The purpose of chemoprotection is intervention with antioxidants and/or food supplements to defend the healthy tissues from the harmful outcomes of radiation, anticancer drugs or carcinogens present in environment. Bioactive compounds from nutritional sources have potential benefits in chemoprotection. The concurrent use of antioxidant phytochemicals as adjuvants with anticancer agents for their protective role against the side effects and relief in cancer complications have been studied in various clinical trials. Cannabinoids, ginsenosides, epigalloctechin gallate, saliroside, vitexin, curcumin, and cumarin have shown potential effects in alleviating synthetic chemotherapy-induced toxicities (1). Available literature provides ample evidence about the benefit of phytochemical supplementation to reduce the toxicities of chemotherapeutic agents. Around 64–81% cancer patients use vitamin and mineral supplements to mitigate cancer illness (2).
Ameliorative effects of melatonin against nano and ionic cobalt induced genotoxicity in two in vivo Drosophila assays
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2020
Havva Ertuğrul, Burçin Yalçın, Merve Güneş, Bülent Kaya
The results obtained from the Drosophila COMET assay showed that MEL exerts a protective effect against single-strand breaks in DNA (Table 2). In the COMET test, we found that MEL reduces the incidence of DNA single-strand breaks caused by both CoNPs and CoCl2 in all parameters (tail intensity, tail moment, and tail length) (Table 2). In the CoCl2+MEL administration, a decrease in tail intensity compared to the control group CoCl2 (10 mM) was observed but it was not statistically significant. In addition, statistically significant preservation was observed at all doses in terms of tail moment, while protective effect at only the highest dose (2.5 mM MEL) was observed in tail length. In CoNP + MEL administration, statistically significant protective effect was observed at all doses studied and, in all parameters, compared to the control group CoNP. It is thought that in the SMART test, high doses of MEL cause a synergistic effect with CoNP, leading to an increase in genotoxicity. A similar effect was not observed in the COMET test. The differences may result from the endpoints of test systems. Alkali Comet assay only detects single strand breaks in DNA whereas SMART assay detects point mutation, deletion, nondisjunction, and recombination. While melatonin showed a protective effect against at all doses of CoCl2, it showed its ameliorative effects at only the lowest dose of CoNPs in SMART assay (Table 1). MEL seems to be the most promising chemoprotective agent because its antioxidant property is associated not only with a radical scavenging activity, but also the action of desmutagenic molecules or intercepting capability.
Intracellular uptake of EGCG-loaded deformable controlled release liposomes for skin cancer
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2020
M. Marwah, Y. Perrie, R. K. S. Badhan, D. Lowry
Skin cancer is emerging as an increasing public health problem particularly in developed countries. Current treatments include surgery to remove the tumour as well as topical formulations. Such treatments may not be suitable for all patients as they are associated with an unpleasant aesthetic profile as well as side effects. A nanoparticle delivery system such as deformable liposomes applied topically for the direct dermal delivery of compounds would be valuable in carrying compounds across the stratum corneum at a controlled rate whilst limiting side effects. The use of naturally occurring compounds such as EGCG have been found to be successful as chemopreventative and chemoprotective agents. However, the formulation of such compounds has been limited in success due to a limited bioavailability of promising agents and inefficient delivery systems. We developed a novel deformable liposome formulation loaded with EGCG and systemically investigated the loading, uptake and in vitro release of EGCG from these nanoparticles. This study has found that deformable liposomes could be valuable in targeted delivery whilst offering controlled release of the compound (Nishiyama 2007, Siddiqui et al.2009). We have demonstrated that as the amount of Tween 20 in the liposomal bilayer is increased, liposome size decreased and elasticity increased. As the loading of Tween 20 in the liposome was increased the EGCG encapsulation decreased. This may have been due to Tween 20 competing for space within the bilayer or due to Tween 20 increasing the solubilization capacity of EGCG. Additionally, EGCG release from liposomes found that the liposomes were able to modify the release of drug with complete release observed within 24 h. Further, our studies demonstrated these liposomes were capable of uptake into epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts within 2 h. This present study demonstrates liposomes formulated with Tween 20 are useful in the development of a controlled release topical formulation for dermal delivery crucial in improving patient compliance thus skin cancer treatment outcomes.