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Serum Keratan Sulfate Concentration as a Measure of the Catabolism of Cartilage Proteoglycans
Published in Thomas F. Kresina, Monoclonal Antibodies, Cytokines, and Arthritis, 2020
Eugene J.-M. A. Thonar, James M. Williams, Brian A. Maldonado, Mary Ellen Lenz, Thomas J. Schnitzer, Giles V. Campion, Klaus E. Kuettner, M. Barry, E. Sweet
The serum KS levels of 24 adult patients bearing cartilage tumors were higher than in age- and sex-matched controls (44). This suggested some of the KS-bearing fragments were derived from the degradation of PGs in the tumors. This is supported by the observation that in 9 of 10 patients levels exhibited a significant decrease following removal of the tumor. As expected, this decrease was highest in patients with benign tumors containing relatively large amounts of KS and a well-differentiated cartilage matrix and lowest in patients with least differentiated tumors containing little KS. Individual differences in the rates of metabolism of PGs in normal cartilage may make it difficult to use serum KS measurements to diagnose the presence of a tumor or ascertain tumor grade, but sequential measurements in such patients may be very useful in monitoring secondary growth of cartilage tumors following primary excision. Alternatively, new monoclonal antibodies directed against other epitopes on the KS chains may allow more specific quantification of tumor-derived KS as opposed to normal cartilage-derived KS.
Chondrosarcoma
Published in Dongyou Liu, Tumors and Cancers, 2017
Out of these, cartilage tumors are further divided into five types: (1) osteochondroma, (2) chondroma (enchondroma, periosteal chondroma, and multiple chondromatosis), (3) chondroblastoma, (4) chondromyxoid fibroma, and (5) chondrosarcoma (central, primary, and secondary; peripheral; dedifferentiated; mesenchymal; and clear cell) [1].
A case of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma arising in the cricoid cartilage that mimicked an aneurysmal bone cyst
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2018
Lixiao Chen, Ziwei Yu, Rui Jiang, Pin Dong, Bin Shen, Yu Li
Few studies have evaluated the demographic characteristics of patients with dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, although it is known that it occurs most frequently in older patients and in men [8]. The distinctive morphological features involve two clearly defined components: a well-differentiated cartilage tumor (either enchondroma or low-grade chondrosarcoma), with a clear and abrupt transition to a high-grade non-cartilaginous sarcoma [9]. The diagnosis of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma is usually confirmed postoperatively, although some radiological features may facilitate a preoperative diagnosis [8]. Laryngeal dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas typically originate in the hyaline cartilage, with approximately 70% of cases arising from the cricoid cartilage, followed by the thyroid cartilage [10]. The average survival time is only 6 months in these rare cases, with a 5-year survival rate of only 10.5%. Furthermore, approximately 90% of patients do not survive up to 2 years, despite aggressive therapy for high-grade dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. Grimer et al. found that 337 patients who developed distant metastasis had a 5-year survival rate of only 25% [11].
Comparability and validity of cancer registry data in the northwest of Russia
Published in Acta Oncologica, 2021
Anton Barchuk, Rustam Tursun-zade, Alexey Belayev, Malcolm Moore, Yuri Komarov, Nataliia Moshina, Ahti Anttila, Jaakko Nevalainen, Anssi Auvinen, Anton Ryzhov, Ariana Znaor
PBCRs collect information on the clinical stage providing greater research opportunities, but this data quality is also crucial. Overall, the N stage category was more likely to be missing than T and M categories. This pattern may reflect not only registration but also diagnostic issues. Soft tissue, bone, and cartilage tumors represent the greatest challenge for diagnosis and staging; similar findings on stage completeness were observed in the Mallorca cancer registry [25].
Can MRI differentiate between atypical cartilaginous tumors and high-grade chondrosarcoma? A systematic review
Published in Acta Orthopaedica, 2020
Claudia Deckers, Maarten J Steyvers, Gerjon Hannink, H W Bart Schreuder, Jacky W J de Rooy, Ingrid C M Van Der Geest
Due to the heterogeneity of cartilage tumors, areas of ACT can be seen in HGCS lesions. Therefore, the presence of MRI characteristics indicating ACT must be viewed in context and clinical findings must be taken into account. In addition, single MRI characteristics alone cannot differentiate between ACT and HGCS.