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Breast Thermography
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
Cancer screening aims to detect cancer before symptoms appear, when the disease is easiest to treat. Sensitivity is a quantitative measure that reflects the ability of a test to identify all people who have a disease or condition. It is the most critical factor for predicting the impact of screening on BrCA mortality. A screening tool with high sensitivity means that very few women with BrCA will go undetected. As long as the sensitivity remains high, specificity can be more modest, particularly if the test is to be used as a preliminary screen for identifying persons requiring further investigation or diagnostic planning.
Cancer Prevention and Treatment
Published in James M. Rippe, Manual of Lifestyle Medicine, 2021
Recommendations for lifestyle modifications for primary cancer prevention: A number of guidelines for physical activity and diet in cancer prevention are available, including those from the American Cancer Society, the American Institute for Cancer Research, the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and the President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports. These guidelines are consistent in recommending the following guidelines for disrupting the obesity/cancer link: Achieve and maintain a lean weight across the lifespan.Avoid high-calorie foods and sugary drinks.Prioritize healthy-eating patterns rich in whole foods and plant-based elements.Increase physical activity.Maintain good sleep hygiene.Lose weight if you are overweight or obese.Follow cancer screening guidelines.
Clinical Cancer Genetics
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2020
Rosalind A. Eeles, Lisa J. Walker
Cancer screening strategies can be advised for many individuals at increased risk of developing cancer. Table 34.4 outlines guidance protocols for screening in individuals with a high probability of mutations in cancer pre-disposition genes. Not all of the screening schedules described have been proven to reduce mortality from the relevant cancer, but these schedules represent a pragmatic approach to the management of individuals at risk. There is, however, some evidence that screening individuals with Lynch syndrome by colonoscopy reduces mortality due to colorectal cancer, as any suspicious lesions observed on colonoscopy may be removed at an early stage.22
Are We Living Longer? And Age-Related Preventive Cancer Screening
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2022
It is very tempting to believe statements based on anecdotal evidence that we are living longer and to expect that preventive screening will bring with it a long life free of pain and suffering. Cancer is common among older adults and cancer screening remains an important and appropriate strategy to identify disease early and reduce treatment-associated morbidity for many older adults with at least a 10-year life expectancy. However, cancer screening has real risks and should not be considered an automatic public health intervention, like the flu shot. Mounting evidence suggests increased downstream harms from cancer screening in older adults, especially those with significant comorbid diseases (Welch & Black, 2010). An individualized decision-making approach from a geriatric perspective integrates key factors such as a patient’s overall health status and life expectancy, the risks and benefits of specific screening tests, and patient preferences into a tailored recommendation (Kotwal & Walter, 2020; Schonberg, 2016; Schonberg et al., 2014). Attention to cultural beliefs and values and racial/ethnic inequities should inform these recommendations. This approach bridges the many differing guideline recommendations in older adults to focus on aligning cancer screening decisions with patient values and preferences when the evidence about benefits versus harms is uncertain.
Therapeutic angiogenesis in coronary artery disease: a review of mechanisms and current approaches
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2021
Bharat Narasimhan, Harish Narasimhan, Marta Lorente-Ros, Francisco Jose Romeo, Kirtipal Bhatia, Wilbert S. Aronow
Despite the development of targeted delivery vehicles, a theoretical risk of aberrant vascular proliferation in non-target tissues persists. This concern is heightened in patients with underlying malignancies and diabetic retinopathies where receptors for angiogenic growth factors such as VEGF and FGF are substantially upregulated [182]. Comprehensive age-appropriate cancer screening should be performed in all participants before the use of any of these agents [169]. VEGF and FGF family of peptides have also been isolated from atherosclerotic plaques and could paradoxically promote plaque progression and instability [182–184]. Additionally, viral vectors employed in gene therapy could trigger host inflammatory responses. However, despite these significant theoretical concerns, very few actual complications have been reported to date.
Quality of YouTube patient information on prostate cancer screening
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2019
Bibhusan Basnet, Suraj Bhattarai, Amit Khanal, Manisha Upadhyay, Ashma Baruwal
Our video analysis reflects the conundrum in scientific and lay communities. PSA-based screening is still controversial because there are both benefits and harms associated with such practice. The potential benefit of any cancer screening effort is multifold; that is, early detection can improve survival outcomes, impact personal and/or third-party cost of care for the duration of disease, reduce economic risk for patients, and improve quality of life for patients. There is a standard treatment for prostate cancer if it is detected at an early stage. The potential harms of PSA-based screening are overdiagnosis, unnecessary follow-up tests including biopsies, and anxiety or stress among patients. Prostate cancer detection by screening with PSA has been controversial primarily because of inadequate understanding of the natural history of disease and the lack of specificity of PSA to detect intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancers.