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Lung
Published in Joseph Kovi, Hung Dinh Duong, Frozen Section In Surgical Pathology: An Atlas, 2019
Joseph Kovi, M.D. Hung Dinh Duong
Recent investigations revealed that bronchioloalveolar carcinoma may derive from three different cell elements: type II pneumocytes, so-called Clara-cells, and bronchiolar epithelial cells. Hence, a bronchioloalveolar carcinoma is either alveolar cell carcinoma, a bronchiolar carcinoma, Clara cell type, or bronchiolar carcinoma, NOS (not otherwise specified). See Table 15, “Electron microscopic diagnosis of pulmonary neoplasm”.*
Respiratory System
Published in Pritam S. Sahota, James A. Popp, Jerry F. Hardisty, Chirukandath Gopinath, Page R. Bouchard, Toxicologic Pathology, 2018
Tom P. McKevitt, David J. Lewis
Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma is characterized by variable patterns of irregular usually nodular growth, is often only moderately or poorly circumscribed, and shows cytological features of malignancy such as loss of uniformity of cell size and shape, high nuclear/cytoplasm ratio, and a raised mitotic rate and multifocal spread to the surrounding parenchyma. Foamy macrophages frequently infiltrate into and around bronchioloalveolar carcinomas. Invasion of blood vessels and/or lymphatics provides clear evidence of malignancy and may induce a scirrhous response; in addition, local and/or distant metastasis may be seen. Foci of squamous or mucinous metaplasia may be seen, and large tumors often contain regions of hemorrhage and necrosis indicative of rapid growth (Dixon and Maronpot 1991; Rittinghausen et al. 1992). Pleural invasion of poorly differentiated bronchioloalveolar carcinoma may be confused with malignant mesothelioma; in ambiguous cases, IHC may be used to aid differentiation (Howroyd et al. 2009).
Thoracic cases
Published in Lt Col Edward Sellon, David C Howlett, Nick Taylor, Radiology for Medical Finals, 2017
Hannah Adams, Sarah Hancox, Cristina Ruscanu, David C Howlett
There are four main histological types of lung cancer (Table 5.1):Small cell carcinoma.Non-small cell carcinoma.Squamous cell carcinoma.Adenocarcinoma (previously bronchioalveolar carcinoma).Large cell carcinoma.
Current status of clinical proteogenomics in lung cancer
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2019
Toshihide Nishimura, Haruhiko Nakamura, Ákos Végvári, György Marko-Varga, Naoki Furuya, Hisashi Saji
Eighty-four percent of all lung cancers have been diagnosed as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), among which subtypes most abundant are adenocarcinomas [5]. Recent advances of chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) have helped locate small adenocarcinoma nodules at earlier stages [6,7]. In 2011, the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC), the American Thoracic Society (ATS), and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) proposed a new pathologic classification of lung adenocarcinoma [8] that introduced the concepts of adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), eliminating the term bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC). Additionally, this classification categorized invasive adenocarcinomas into nine subtypes according to the predominant histologic pattern: lepidic (LPA), acinar, papillary (PAP), micropapillary (MP), solid (SLD), and three variants. Both AIS and MIA were defined as tumors ≤3 cm in size. AIS was defined as a pre-invasive lesion showing pure lepidic growth without invasion, and MIA was also lepidic predominant but with ≤5 mm invasion. LPA was defined as an invasive adenocarcinoma, formerly categorized as non-mucinous BAC pattern with >5 mm invasion. These three lepidic-type adenocarcinomas may show a step-wise progression from AIS to MIA to LPA. Complete AIS or MIA resection usually leads to 100% recurrence-free five-year survival [8]; however, some recurrent cases have been reported after LPA resection [9–11]. Because AIS plus MIA and LPA have a different postoperative prognosis, the differential protein expressions associated with cancer cell invasiveness in each subtype should play important roles in local recurrence and prognosis.
The relevance of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis for lung cancer patients
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2020
The first reports on the application of BAL to lung malignancy diagnosis come from the early 1980s. The diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates in immunocompromised patients was considered the main indication for BAL [14], and the major malignant diseases recognized in the onset were hematologic malignancies. Of primary lung cancers, the bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) type was most often recognized because of its diffuse spread.
Molecular charcterization of lung adenocarcinoma combining whole exome sequencing, copy number analysis and gene expression profiling
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2022
Ugo Testa, Elvira Pelosi, Germana Castelli
Initial studies on LUADs have led to the identification of three subtypes: bronchioid, squamoid, and magnoid; the nomenclature of these tumor subtypes was dictated by their respective correlations with gene expression patterns from histologically defined bronchioalveolar carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large-cell carcinoma [135].