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Central nervous system neoplasms
Published in Ibrahim Natalwala, Ammar Natalwala, E Glucksman, MCQs in Neurology and Neurosurgery for Medical Students, 2022
Ibrahim Natalwala, Ammar Natalwala, E Glucksman
FALSE – Metastases account for over 50% of all adult brain tumours, and 10%–50% of patients with systemic malignancy develop brain metastases.1Primary malignant brain tumours constitute approximately 2% of all adult cancers and are therefore rare.2 A glioma is a brain tumour that arises from glial cells and is therefore an umbrella term that incorporates astrocytomas, ependymomas and oligodendrogliomas. Apart from metastases and gliomas, other types of brain tumours include meningiomas, pituitary adenomas and nerve sheath tumours.
Neuroimaging in Nuclear Medicine
Published in Michael Ljungberg, Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging for Physicists, 2022
Anne Larsson Strömvall, Susanna Jakobson Mo
Brain tumours are treated with surgery and in many cases chemotherapy and radiotherapy are indicated. Imaging of brain tumours primarily rely on MRI. However, there are several implications for functional neuroimaging in the diagnostic work-up and during the course of treatment of gliomas [2].
Tumors of the Nervous System
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Environmental factors: Ionizing radiation: meningioma, glioma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors.No other environmental factors have been conclusively linked to an increased risk of brain tumors in humans (i.e. head trauma, mobile phone use, chemical exposure, viral exposure).
Effectiveness of internet-based behavioral activation on quality of life among young adult survivors of childhood brain tumor: a randomized controlled trial
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2023
Teresa Ann Grenawalt, Timothy N. Tansey, Brian N. Phillips, David R. Strauser, David A. Rosenthal, Stacia Wagner
There are several limitations of this study that should be acknowledged. First, several factors limit the generalizability of the results. The sample was primarily comprised of White, educated males. Further, the most common types of brain tumors among the sample were craniopharyngioma, ependymoma, and embryonal; whereas, gliomas and astrocytomas are the most common in large incidence and prevalence studies [1]. In addition, this study used a convenience sample of participants recruited from one foundation (i.e., CBTF). Individuals who were not seeking support or community from the foundation were not represented in this sample. Given their membership with CBTF, those who participated may have already been fairly motivated and more likely to engage in the study. Also, the study did not achieve the desired sample size causing concern about reduced power. Finally, limitations of the selected measures may have further affected the results of the study. Several of the instruments in this study, namely the BADS-SF and PSS-10 were selected for brevity of the scale, potentially affecting quality of the measurements. Both of these instruments demonstrated only moderate internal consistency in the present study. For this reason, results of the BADS-SF and PSS-10 should be interpreted with caution. In addition, the surveys in this study were self-report, which are vulnerable to bias and error. It is possible that some participants received support in completing the surveys which may have presented some biased responses or possible influence of caregiver perceptions.
“Hey, I’m still here!”: Maintaining, managing and rebuilding social connections after brain tumour
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2023
Lee Cubis, Tamara Ownsworth, Mark B. Pinkham, Matthew Foote, Heather Green, Suzanne Chambers
In addition to posing a threat to life, brain tumour typically results in diverse functional impairments, or changes in physical, cognitive, emotional and behavioural functioning, that are confronting for the person with brain tumour and those around them with a higher symptom burden than most other common cancers (Lidstone et al., 2003). Commonly reported physical impairments include motor disturbance, weakness, headaches, seizures, and pain (Cormie, Nowak, Chambers, Galvão, & Newton, 2015; Gofton, Graber, & Carver, 2012). Further, up to 93% of people with brain tumour experience deficits of varying severity on neuropsychological tests (Dwan, Ownsworth, Chambers, Walker, & Shum, 2015; Robinson, Biggs, & Walker, 2015). Cognitive impairments include deficits in memory, attention, processing speed, language, visuo-spatial functioning, and executive functioning, as well as global cognitive decline (Dwan et al., 2015; Fox, Mitchell, & Booth-Jones, 2006). Emotional and behavioural changes include low mood, mood swings, anxiety, apathy, and reduced frustration tolerance (Arnold et al., 2008; Simpson et al., 2015).
Racial and ethnic disparities in brain tumour survival by age group and tumour type
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2022
Arash Delavar, Arvin R. Wali, David R. Santiago-Dieppa, Omar M. Al Jammal, Reilly L. Kidwell, Alexander A. Khalessi
Brain tumours are the leading cause of cancer death for children and adolescents, and remain one of the most aggressive cancer sites for all age groups.1,2 An estimated 23,890 new diagnoses of brain and other nervous system cancers occurred during 2020, as well as 18,020 deaths.1 Brain tumours have a combined five-year survival rate of 35.8%, which varies greatly depending on tumour type – from 94.4% for pilocytic astrocytoma to 6.8% for glioblastoma.3 There is evidence that survival varies by other factors as well, including socioeconomic status (SES: which is typically characterised by education, employment, and income),4,5 place of residence,6,7 and race/ethnicity.4