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Benzene Carcinogenecity
Published in Muzaffer Aksoy, Benzene Carcinogenicity, 2017
The first case of acute myelomonocytic leukemia was reported by Marchand67 in a worker who was applying benzene-containing paint to metal furniture. In our series, five patients with acute myelomonocytic leukemia (8.6%) were found. In one of them, a 42-year-old shoe worker, acute myelomonocytic leukemia developed 2 years following diagnosis of aplastic anemia.63 He was exposed to benzene for 10 years. He had pancytopenia and hypocellular bone marrow. At that time he was not transfused. His pancytopenia subsided following steroid therapy and the patient continued to work until a short time before his admission to our clinic, thus being chronically exposed to benzene. Approximately 2 years after occurrence of aplastic anemia, thrombocythemia appeared as a preleukemic stage with such symptoms as tenacious bone and muscle pains, irregular fever, moderate anemia, and some atypical monocytes in the peripheral blood. The results of the bone marrow puncture were not consistent with the diagnosis of leukemia. There were numerous megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. The platelet count ranged between 540 to 1600/109/l. A second bone marrow puncture about 3.5 months later, showed changes characteristic of acute myelomonocytic leukemia, namely 9% myeloblasts, 20% atypical monocytes, and few Auer's bodies in the monocytes. There was also marked lysozymuria. In the Infante et al.32 series, acute myelomonocytic leukemia was found in two patients (28.5%) and in one case in the Goguel et al.6 series (2.3%).
Acute Myeloid Leukemia An Introduction
Published in Wojciech Gorczyca, Atlas of Differential Diagnosis in Neoplastic Hematopathology, 2014
Acute myelomonocytic leukemia shows two distinct neoplastic populations: (1) myeloblasts and (2) monocytic cells (Figure 34.15). Myeloblasts usually show the phenotype similar to AML with/without maturation, and monocytes are positive for CD4, CD11b, CD11c, CD14, CD64, and HLA-DR. In contrast to acute monoblastic leukemia or CMML, monocytes from acute myelomonocytic leukemia do not display in a majority of cases an overtly abnormal phenotype (such as loss or variable expression of CD14 or strongly positive CD56).
Normal Absolute Monocyte Count in Combination with Normal/High Absolute Lymphocyte Count at the Time of Relapse is Associated with Improved Survival in Patients with Early Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Published in Cancer Investigation, 2021
Yu Zhang, Kanchun Dai, Qianying Zhang, Yisha Huang, Yiyun Feng, Deeksha Bhardwaj, Kang Yu, Jianhua Feng
The main characteristics of the study cohort are reported in Table 2. Of the 57 patients, 30 (52.6%) were males. The median age at the time of relapse was 55 years (range 18–80 years), with 19 patients (33.3%) older than 60 years. The median duration of CR1 was 4.8 months (range 0.3–11.8), with 38 patients (66.7%) registering a duration of CR1 less than 6 months. According to the 2008 WHO category of AML at the time of first diagnosis, there were nine patients (15.8%) with AML with t(8;21)(q22;q22), 7 patients (12.3%) with AML with maturation, 15 patients (26.3%) with acute myelomonocytic leukemia, 18 patients (31.6%) with acute monoblastic/monocytic leukemia, and 1 patient (1.8%) with pure erythroid leukemia. Karyotype analysis was performed at time of diagnosis in 50 patients. Karyotypes were prognostically unfavorable, intermediate, and favorable in 8 (14.0%), 34 (59.6%), and 8 (14.0%) patients, respectively. Overall, 14 patients (24.6%) achieved CR2 with salvage therapy.
IDH1 mutated acute myeloid leukemia in a child with metaphyseal chondromatosis with D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria
Published in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2020
Anand Srinivasan, Yaolin Zhou, Teresa Scordino, Sandeep Prabhu, Andrea Wierenga, Garfield Simon, Klaas J. Wierenga, Joel Thompson, Rikin Shah, Arpan A. Sinha
At three years of age, he presented with streptococcal sepsis, anemia, and thrombocytopenia, which quickly progressed to pancytopenia (hemoglobin 6 g/dL, platelets 32 thousand/μL, absolute neutrophil count 890 cells/μL), with blasts on peripheral smear. Bone marrow aspiration showed 24% blasts by morphology and a bone marrow biopsy showed blasts and promonocytes comprising 22% of nucleated cells in a 600-cell differential (Figure 2). Findings were consistent with acute myelomonocytic leukemia. Chromosome analysis showed normal karyotype. Molecular testing of the bone marrow aspirate by pyrosequencing for IDH1 and IDH2 mutations revealed a R132C variant (c.394C > T) in IDH1 with a mutation frequency of 38% (see supplementary data).
Efficacy and safety of consolidation therapy with intermediate and high dose cytarabine in acute myeloid leukemia patients
Published in Hematology, 2021
Kittisak Tangchitpianvit, Ekarat Rattarittamrong, Chatree Chai-Adisaksopha, Pokpong Piriyakhuntorn, Thanawat Rattanathammethee, Sasinee Hantrakool, Adisak Tantiworawit, Lalita Norasetthada
According to the classification of AML, AML without/with maturation was the predominant subtype in both groups, followed by acute myelomonocytic leukemia. Regarding cytogenetic risk, most of the patients were classified as intermediate risk (63.33% in the IDAC vs. 65.63% in the HiDAC group), followed by adverse risk (30% in IDAC vs. 25% in HiDAC group).