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Cancer
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
The exact cause of bladder cancer is unknown. The risk factors of bladder cancer increase with cigarette smoking. They are also higher with exposure to aniline dyes, beta naphthylamine, mixtures of aromatic hydrocarbons, or benzidine, as used in chemical, paint, plastics, textile, petroleum, and wood industries. Other predisposing factors are chronic urinary tract infections, calculous disease, and schistosomiasis. Adenocarcinomas are caused by extensive intestinal metaplasia known as cystitis glandularis, usually occurring at the trigone. Etiology may be related to exstrophy of bladder. The diverticula sometimes develop adenocarcinomas. Other causes are endometriosis, pelvic lipomatosis, and infection with Schistosoma haematobium. The link between diabetes and bladder cancer mostly concerns use of the diabetes drug pioglitazone (Actos) for 2 years or more. The drug is used to control high blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes. It is also sold in combination with metformin (as Actoplus Met or Actoplus Met XR) and with glimepiride (Duetact). In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration recommends that pioglitazone not be used in patients with active bladder cancer. It should be used with caution in patients with a previous history of bladder cancer.
Inhibition of Colon Carcinogenesis*
Published in Herman Autrup, Gary M. Williams, Experimental Colon Carcinogenesis, 2019
Several chemical carcinogens have been found to induce colon cancer in rodents with a high degree of specificity. The most extensively studied chemicals are 1,2-di-methylhydrzine (DMH) and its derivatives azoxymethane (AOM) and methylazoxy-methanol acetate (MAMOAc), a synthetic analogue of cycasin.1–6 The arylamines such as 3,2′-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl7–9 and 3-methyl-2-naphthylamine10 are a second commonly studied class. Other chemicals that induce colon tumors are N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine,11α-acetoxy-dimethylnitrosamine,12 and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea.13
Single Best Answer Questions
Published in Vivian A. Elwell, Jonathan M. Fishman, Rajat Chowdhury, SBAs for the MRCS Part A, 2018
Vivian A. Elwell, Jonathan M. Fishman, Rajat Chowdhury
A patient is known to have exposure to beta-naphthylamine. What is he/she at increased risk of developing?Small-cell lung carcinomaBladder cancerBreast cancerChemical pneumonitisLymphoma
Moderate Beer Consumption Modifies Tumoral Growth Parameters and Pyrrolidone Carboxypeptidase Type-I and Type-II Specific Activities in the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Mammary Gland Axis in an Animal Model of Breast Cancer
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
María Jesús Ramirez-Expósito, José Manuel Martínez-Martos, Vanesa Cantón-Habas, María del Pilar Carrera-González
Specific soluble (Pcp I) and membrane-bound (Pcp II) activities were measured fluorometrically using pyroglutamyl-ß-naphthylamide (pGLUNNap) as the substrate, according to the method previously described by us (45,46). Briefly, 10 µl of each sample were incubated in triplicate for 30 min, at 37 °C with 100 µl of the substrate solution: 100 mM of pGLUNNap, 0.65 mM dithiothreitol (DTT), and 1.3 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in 50 mM of phosphate buffer at pH 7.4. All the reactions were stopped by adding 100 µl of 0.1 M acetate buffer at pH 4.2. All chemicals were obtained from Sigma, Madrid, Spain. The amount of ß-naphthylamine released as the result of enzymatic activity was measured fluorometrically at an emission wavelength of 412 nm with an excitation wavelength of 345 nm. Proteins were quantified also in triplicate using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as standard.
Neprilysin inhibition in mouse islets enhances insulin secretion in a GLP-1 receptor dependent manner
Published in Islets, 2018
Nathalie Esser, Breanne M. Barrow, Edwina Choung, Nancy J. Shen, Sakeneh Zraika
Enzyme activities were determined in Glp1r+/+ islets following insulin secretion. In the neprilysin assay, glutaryl-ala-ala-phe-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamine is broken down by neprilysin in islets to Phe-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamine, and then by aminopeptidase M to the fluorescent methoxy-2-naphthylamine. Each sample was assayed in both the absence and presence of thiorphan to differentiate neprilysin activity from nonspecific endopeptidase activity. Fluorescence was compared against a methoxy-2-naphthylamine standard curve. In the DPP-4 assay, non-fluorescent H-Gly-Pro-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin is cleaved by DPP-4 in islets to generate fluorescent 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin. DPP-4 activity was compared against a 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin standard curve.
The Activity of Class I-IV Alcohol Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in Bladder Cancer Cells
Published in Cancer Investigation, 2018
Karolina Orywal, Wojciech Jelski, Tadeusz Werel, Maciej Szmitkowski
Globally, bladder cancer is the 10th most common malignancy with highest incidence rates reported in Europe, North America, and Australia (1). Tobacco smoking, long-term exposure to industrial aromatic amines and amides (e.g. 4-aminobiphenyl, benzidine, 2-naphthylamine) are found to be important risk factors for bladder cancer (2). Although several epidemiologic studies have been conducted to investigate the association between alcohol consumption and bladder cancer risk, the issue remains still unclear. No significant relationship was found in most studies but the results of European countries investigations found suggestive evidence for an increased risk of bladder cancer for current-drinkers vs. nondrinkers (3).