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Outdoor Emissions
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
According to Wilson et al.,455 in July 1995, the Soufriere Hills volcano on the island of Montserrat began to erupt. Preliminary reports showed that the ash contained a substantial respirable component and a large percentage of the toxic silica polymorph, cristobalite. In this study, the cytotoxicity of three respirable Montserrat volcanic ash (MVA) samples were investigated: M1 from a single explosive event, M2 accumulated ash predominantly derived from pyroclastic flows, and M3 from a single pyroclastic flow. These were compared with the relatively inert dust TiO2 and the known toxic quartz dust, DQ12.
The Specific Human Health Impacts of Natural Disasters
Published in Emily Ying Yang Chan, Public Health Humanitarian Responses to Natural Disasters, 2017
In summary, volcanic activities are common in places located along the Ring of Fire. Volcanic eruptions with pyroclastic flows of ash and lava bombs result in a high mortality rate and respiratory problems. Volcanic ash can affect people miles away from the volcano. These events are likely to affect neighbouring communities by emitting hazardous gases and particles.
Persistent changes in expression of genes involved in inflammation and fibrosis in the lungs of rats exposed to airborne lunar dust
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2023
Ye Zhang, Michael Story, Samrawit Yeshitla, Xiaoyu Wang, Robert R. Scully, Corey Theriot, Honglu Wu, Valerie E. Ryder, Chiu-wing Lam
In conclusion, the patterns of altered gene expression and signaling found in the lungs of the LD-exposed rats correlate with exposure concentration and are associated with increased lavage neutrophil cell counts and increased oxidant contents of BAL cells. These results also suggest that the dose-dependent genomic expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines need to further investigated as early molecular biomarkers of pathogenicity. As noted earlier, LD is comprised of common mineral oxides, like those of an Arizona volcanic ash. Therefore, the findings presented here indicate that the mechanisms by which the mineral dusts produce adverse effects involve common molecular pathways. Continued elucidation of these mechanisms will enhance our understanding of the characteristics of mineral dusts mediate their toxicity and the host responses, improve our predictions of the toxicity of terrestrial and celestial dusts yet to be assessed, and provide insight into how the toxic effects can be mitigated.
Comparative pulmonary toxicities of lunar dusts and terrestrial dusts (TiO2 & SiO2) in rats and an assessment of the impact of particle-generated oxidants on the dusts’ toxicities
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2022
Chiu-wing Lam, Vincent Castranova, Patti C. Zeidler-Erdely, Roger Renne, Robert Hunter, Richard McCluskey, Robert R. Scully, William T. Wallace, Ye Zhang, Valerie E. Ryder, Bonnie Cooper, David McKay, Roger O. McClellan, Kevin E. Driscoll, Donald E. Gardner, Mark Barger, Terence Meighan, John T. James
As noted above, the Moon is covered by a thick layer of lunar soil that contains an abundance amount of reactive fine dust. To live and work on the Moon, human could be exposed intermittently to potentially reactive fine LD for prolonged periods that could be up to six months (Lam et al. 2013). Nonprofessional science articles proclaimed, ‘Moon dust is extremely toxic and poses health hazards for astronauts’ (Vandette 2018), and ‘Moon Dust Is Super Toxic to Human Cells’ (Specktor 2018). Both these articles were based on the test results of the same cell culture study conducted on samples of an Arizona volcanic ash designated as lunar simulants (Caston et al. 2018).
The Use of the Apron and Disaster Baby Carriers to Improve the Exclusive Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy of Mothers in Disaster-Affected Zones in Indonesia
Published in Comprehensive Child and Adolescent Nursing, 2021
Dorce Sisfiani Sarimin, Tati Setyawati Ponidjan, Dessie Wanda
Because it is in the path of fault lines and the volcanic arc, Indonesia is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world. In 1982, Soputan volcano in Southeast Minahasa, North Sulawesi, Indonesia erupted and was recorded as the most powerful eruption. The massive column of ash that spewed more than 4,000 meters into the sky triggered a rain of volcanic ash approximately 30 centimeters thick. Six eruptions followed in the same year, destroying 500 houses and displacing over 32,000 people. The last eruptions in Soputan occurred in October and December 2018 (Pratama, 2018).