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Employment Law and Occupational Health and Safety
Published in Julie Dickinson, Anne Meyer, Karen J. Huff, Deborah A. Wipf, Elizabeth K. Zorn, Kathy G. Ferrell, Lisa Mancuso, Marjorie Berg Pugatch, Joanne Walker, Karen Wilkinson, Legal Nurse Consulting Principles and Practices, 2019
Kathleen P. Buckheit, Moniaree Parker Jones
The National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) is a partnership program that encourages and funds innovative research and improved workplace practices. In its third decade (2016–2026) with an enhanced structure, NORA consists of 10 industry sectors based on major areas of the U.S. economy, and 7 health and safety cross-sectors addressing the major health and safety issues affecting the U.S. workforce (U.S. DHHS et al., 2016a).
Aspects of Nickel Allergy: Epidemiology, Etiology, Immune Reactions, Prevention, and Therapy
Published in Jurij J. Hostýnek, Howard I. Maibach, Nickel and the Skin, 2019
The fact that occupational skin diseases are the most common non-trauma-related category of occupational illnesses is vividly illustrated by “Proposed National Strategies for the Prevention of Leading Work-Related Diseases and Injuries, Part 2” (NIOSH, 1988), a document that has been reinforced by the comprehensive position statement resulting from the American Academy of Dermatology-sponsored National Conference on Environmental Hazards to the Skin in 1992 (AAD, 1992). Both irritant and allergic contact dermatitis are considered priority research areas as outlined in the National Occupational Research Agenda introduced in 1996 by NIOSH (NIOSH, 1996).
Occupational Cancer
Published in Peter G. Shields, Cancer Risk Assessment, 2005
Robert J. McCunney, Lee Okurowski
An occupational carcinogen can be any chemical, physical, or biologic agent that increases the risk of cancer associated with work. Although figures vary, approximately 2–8% of all human cancers may be due to exposure to occupational carcinogens (1–4). The proportion of cancers associated with certain occupations can be significantly higher (3–5). According to the National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA), about 10% of lung cancers, 21–27% of bladder cancers, and up to 80% of mesotheliomas in the United States are related to occupational exposure to carcinogens. In workers sufficiently exposed to specific carcinogens, such as vinyl chloride, the percentage of site-specific cancer (i.e., angiosarcoma of the liver) approaches 100%.
Exposure to the anti-microbial chemical triclosan disrupts keratinocyte function and skin integrity in a model of reconstructed human epidermis
Published in Journal of Immunotoxicology, 2023
Rachel Baur, Michael Kashon, Ewa Lukomska, Lisa M. Weatherly, Hillary L. Shane, Stacey E. Anderson
In the United States, over 32 million workers are predicted to have the potential for exposure to chemicals that can be absorbed through the skin and cause occupational skin diseases (NIOSH (National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health) 2021; BLS (Bureau of Labor Statistics) 2022). Investigations into skin exposures are needed, because these exposures can lead to immunotoxicity and allergic disease (NORA (National Occupational Research Agenda) 2019). The anti-microbial chemical triclosan is used in occupational settings that result in exposure to the skin and has been shown to increase the allergic response and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in animal models. However, the direct impacts of triclosan exposure on skin cells and the skin barrier are not well understood.
Prevalence of hearing loss among noise-exposed workers within the services sector, 2006–2015
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2020
Nimarpreet K. Sekhon, Elizabeth A. Masterson, Christa L. Themann
Industries such as Mining, Construction and Manufacturing have been recognized as having a high prevalence of noise exposure (Kerns et al. 2018) and hearing loss (Tak and Calvert 2008; Masterson et al. 2013). However, a recent analysis found elevated prevalences of hearing loss among some groups of noise-exposed workers in presumed “low risk” industries, and in sectors with a low to moderate overall prevalence of hearing loss or noise exposure (Masterson et al. 2013, 2014). The Services sector meets both of these criteria (Mrena et al. 2007; Masterson et al. 2013). The Services sector (as defined by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) – National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA)) is the largest U.S. industry sector, employing 77 million workers, and consists of a wide variety of services, also known as intangible goods (NORA 2018; Kerns et al. 2018). These include: newspaper, music and software publishing; renting and leasing; financial transactions; legal advice and representation; overseeing and managing governmental programs; security and surveillance; educational training; entertainment and recreation; accommodations and food service; machinery repairing; dry cleaning and laundry; and landscaping (U.S. Census Bureau 2011).