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Recent Trends in Bio-Medical Waste, Challenges and Opportunities
Published in K. Gayathri Devi, Kishore Balasubramanian, Le Anh Ngoc, Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques for Medical Science, 2022
Hospitals, health care educational institutions, research institutions, blood banks, clinics, laboratories, veterinary institutes, and animal shelters, among other locations, often collect biomedical waste. Incineration reduces the value of waste by burning it at a high temperature, eliminating hazardous elements, and turning it to ash. The incineration technique is appropriate for pathological and sharp trash. Biomedical waste is autoclaved to destroy bacteria and infectious material, rendering it non-infectious and acceptable for disposal. Syringes, scalpels, vials, glass, plastics, blades, and other similar objects are shredded in the shredding machine. It shreds or chops trash into little bits, making it unrecognisable and ideal for recycling and landfill disposal. The medical waste will be transported from a common storage site to a Bio-Medical Waste Treatment Facility's common storage location. In both private and governmental organisations, medical waste management has received inadequate attention, resulting in insufficient and inefficient biological waste separation, collection, transportation, and storage, according to this study. The Ministry of Health should pay more attention to waste disposal and suitable management policies in order to enhance and appropriate medical waste management processes.
How Nanoparticles Are Generated
Published in Antonietta Morena Gatti, Stefano Montanari, Advances in Nanopathology From Vaccines to Food, 2021
Antonietta Morena Gatti, Stefano Montanari
The obvious conclusion, if scientific data and nothing else are considered, is that incineration is a technique by which waste is, at least in part, made to disappear from view (though hidden in various ways, ash does not disappear) but is transformed into something which is far more aggressive for health and environment. Only to be added marginally: each ton of waste needs as much quantity of other material to be treated (water, methane, ammonia, bicarbonate, active carbon, etc.) and all those materials must somehow be disposed of.
Radioisotopes in Biology and Medicine
Published in Kedar N. Prasad, Handbook of RADIOBIOLOGY, 2020
Solid wastes in the hospital are usually disposed of in the institution incinerator. Such a disposal procedure is discussed in the National Bureau of Standards Handbook 65. The major objective of this procedure is to keep air contamination at a safe level. The materials to be incinerated generally include paper wipes and tray liners at very low activity; therefore, they are permissible. However, if the wastes are highly radioactive, it may be advisable to store these materials in shielded containers for decay to suitable low levels. Animal carcasses and dry residues from chemical procedures may also be incinerated.
Levels of PCDDs/PCDFs in waste incineration ash of some Jordanian hospitals using GC/MS
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Sharif Arar, Mahmoud A. Alawi, Nisreen E. Al-Mikhi
Waste incineration is one of the main waste disposal strategies used in treating hospital waste in many countries. However, emission of combustion by-products like dioxins, furans, and heavy metals in fly- and bottom ash is inevitable and poses a serious environmental and public health concerns, where these accumulative pollutants can be transported and leached from landfills and dumping sites (Petrilik and Ryder 2005). The environmental impact of medical waste incinerators has become the subject of public concern. The main theme of incinerators is to develop a sustainable waste management by reducing volume and weight of non-avoidable and non-recyclable medical waste to be disposed, and to decrease its post depositional reactivity due to its inorganic and organic matter constituents (Mininni et al.2007). In this process, unintentional release of the toxic polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs occurs, which have hormone-disrupting and carcinogenic properties (Van den Berg et al.2006). These PCDDs/PCDFs are deposited in the incinerator bottom ash which is a form of ash produced in incineration facilities. This material is discharged from the moving grate of municipal solid waste incinerators or fly ash at the top end of stack of the incinerators that was removed by special types of filters.
Effect of adding Dunaliella algae to fish diet on lead acetate toxicity and gene expression in the liver of Nile tilapia
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Sabreen Ezzat Fadl, Nagwan El-Habashi, Doaa Mohammed Gad, Walaa Mohammed Elkassas, Zizy Ibrahim Elbialy, Doaa Hosny Abdelhady, Sayed Mohammed Hegazi
Three samples from diets at the beginning, middle, and end of the experiment respectively as grab sample from the feedstocks and Dunaliella sample have been collected for proximate analysis. Feed samples were stored at −4 °C for later analysis. A total of 30 fish were sampled at the end of the experiment (five fish from three replicates of each group) for proximate composition. All fish samples were stored at −4 °C until used for proximate analysis. The official methods of AOAC (2000) were used for determination of the dry matter, ash, crude protein, and ether extract. Dry matter was determined by oven-drying at 105 °C until accessing constant weight. Crude protein (N 9 6.25) was determined by the Kjeldahl method after acid hydrolysis, and crude lipid was determined by the ether extraction method using a Soxhlet extractor. Ash was analyzed by incinerating samples at 600 °C overnight in a muffle furnace.
Medical waste management – how industry can help us to protect environment and money?
Published in Renal Failure, 2020
Paweł Żebrowski, Jacek Zawierucha, Tomasz Prystacki, Wojciech Marcinkowski, Jolanta Małyszko
Medical waste management has become a serious problem. During every hemodialysis session more than 1 kg of medical waste are produced. Part of them are recognized as the infectious waste (waste contaminated with blood and other bodily fluids), according to the World Health Organization [1]. Dialyzers, bloodlines, needles are the most important hazardous waste. They should be properly stored and destroyed. On the basis on projection made by Liyanage et al. [2] in 2010 more than 2.61 million patients were treated with dialysis (both, peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis) and will double in 2030. The majority of the patients are treated with hemodialysis mode [3]. It shows that about 2.7 million patients get the 156 hemodialyses annually. During 420 millions HD sessions worldwide yearly more than 420 million kg of medical waste are produced. Waste incineration of such big mass has a significant impact on the environment as well as the cost of the treatment. The cost of destroying medical waste is growing almost every day – due to the more restrictive requirements for Waste Disposal Services, costs of energy used for incineration, etc. In the European countries the cost of utilization of 1 kg of medical waste is about 3 Euro [4]. In this study, we assessed the weight of different dialyzers available on the Polish market. The dialyzer weight is the heaviest part of dialysis set influencing significantly the cost of utilization of hazardous medical waste.