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Inflammatory, Hypersensitivity and Immune Lung Diseases, including Parasitic Diseases.
Published in Fred W Wright, Radiology of the Chest and Related Conditions, 2022
The disease may be difficult to detect on plain radiographs in its earlier stages. Commonly it causes a 'peri-hilar haze' which spreads out into the lungs within a few days to give a widespread diffuse infiltration, rather like a frank consolidation. As with other types of diffuse or atypical pneumonia, Kerley's 'B' lines are not uncommonly seen, and these may mimic or be mistaken as a sign of pulmonary oedema. Localised consolidation and pleural reaction may occasionally be found. It may also give rise to asymmetric or focal infiltrates which may produce local areas of emphysema, cavitate and give rise to pneumatocoeles and pneumothoraces (see below).
Environment and health
Published in Sally Robinson, Priorities for Health Promotion and Public Health, 2021
Tristi Brownett, Joanne Cairns
The air contains small particles of solids or liquids, called particulates. These particulates may be natural, such as soil and pollen, or from anthropogenic sources such as dust from construction, vehicle brakes or road surfaces. Fossil fuels release airborne particulates such as carbon. Particulates may be visible as smoke, haze or smog. Particulates irritate and inflame people’s eyes and airways, and long-term exposure can be permanently damaging, causing respiratory conditions, heart and lung diseases and premature death (PHE, 2018b).
Ambient Air Pollution and Health Effects in Shanghai
Published in Igor Vojnovic, Amber L. Pearson, Gershim Asiki, Geoffrey DeVerteuil, Adriana Allen, Handbook of Global Urban Health, 2019
Wei Tu, Zhijing Lin, Lili Du, Haidong Kan, Weichun Ma
However, total energy consumption has been rapidly increasing, with fossil fuel remaining the major energy source. Motor vehicles, particularly privately owned vehicles, grew at a much faster pace than the population. As the primary source of air pollution shifted gradually from conventional coal combustion to a mixture of coal combustion and motor vehicle emissions (Kan et al. 2012; Yang, G.Y. et al. 2012), vehicular emissions have become the leading source of air pollution. With this context of increasing vehicular emissions, particulate matter (PM) has become the primary air pollutant in the region. A high level of ambient PM causes more frequent haze events of high pollution and low visibility (Wang, Y. et al. 2014; Leng et al. 2016). These changes have made outdoor air pollution the most challenging environmental problem in Shanghai.
Role of air pollutants in dengue fever incidence: evidence from two southern cities in Taiwan
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2023
Hao-Chun Lu, Fang-Yu Lin, Yao-Huei Huang, Yu-Tung Kao, El-Wui Loh
Urbanization contributes to a higher risk of mosquito bites and environmental pollution. A study conducted in two cities in Malaysia showed a moderate negative correlation between larvae density and last week’s air pollution index but positively correlated with this week’s humidity and temperature [14]. In Guatemala City, traditional firewood cooking was associated with decreased incidence of arboviral infections, including DF [15]. On the other hand, haze events – atmospheric phenomena in which dust, smoke, and other dry particulate matter (PM) that suspended in the air obscuring the visibility and clarity of the sky, did not reduce DFI, although they increased mosquito mortality [16]. These imply that factors other than the main air pollution events or subtle conditions are involved in forming the condition needed to incubate a DF pandemic. While evidence supports the critical contribution of PM2.5 (particulate matter diameter of 2.5 μm or less) and NO2 in triggering the coronavirus 2 spread and lethality, and to a less extent also PM10 [17], surprisingly, it is unsure how the constituents of these air pollution affect the mosquito activity and the DFI [16].
Loneliness as a risk factor for cancer-related cognitive impairment: a secondary data analysis from the Haze study
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2023
Alix G. Sleight, Jamie S. Myers, Galen Cook-Wiens, Rachel Baynes, Mi-Yeoung Jo, Arash Asher
A secondary data analysis was conducted with participant responses from the “Emerging from the Haze” program (hereafter referred to as “Haze”). Haze is a psychoeducation-based, cognitive rehabilitation intervention offered through the [institution blinded for review] Cancer Rehabilitation and Survivorship Program over 6 weeks during 2.5-h weekly classes. The intervention was delivered in-person at [institution blinded for review] by a board-certified Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation physician with a fellowship in oncology and a neuropsychologist. The Haze intervention was also offered virtually via telehealth through the [institution blinded for review] and affiliated sites. Telehealth delivery of Haze from [institution blinded for review] was carried out by an advanced practice oncology nurse and a clinical psychologist. The Haze Program utilized pre-determined weekly outlined content including PowerPoint presentations, class exercises, and discussion with additional homework. A prospective, nonblinded, wait-list-controlled pilot study was designed to quantify the impact of Haze on breast cancer survivors’ self-report of cognitive function as compared to wait-list controls. Additional methods and results of the Haze study have been described elsewhere [20].
Dynamics of environmental pollution, socio-economic factors, and total fertility rate in MENA, ECOWAS, and ASEAN regions
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2023
In ASEAN, one of the dominant items in its environmental agenda relates to curbing transboundary haze air pollution. The haze air pollution is generated through the increased unsustainable productive activities or systems and practices from the agro-forestry sector, such as land fires. The fires and haze which pollute the environment and cause disaster to human wellbeings are human-made. Some governments in the region are putting some measures to curb these public health issues/menace through environmental protection laws and policies. These concerted effects in achieving clean and air quality and green energy have dated back to the mid-70s. In Singapore, the government enacted the “Transboundary Haze Pollution Act” in 2014 to manage/control environmental issues/emissions from within and outside the country’s jurisdiction.