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Gray Hair
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
At some stage in their lives, both men and women will experience the onset of gray hair. Premature graying of hair is a cosmetic concern for a number of individuals. Gray hair can be harder to color as it is more resistant to hair dye due to a decreased amount of melanin. Gray hair can also be the result of a medical condition. Deficiencies of vitamin B6, B12, biotin, vitamin D, or vitamin E can contribute to premature graying as can thyroid disease or vitiligo.1,2 Low levels of serum ferritin (iron) and low levels of the good cholesterol (HDL-C) were found to be common in affected individuals with premature hair graying.1 Finally, smokers are 21/2 times more likely to start graying before age 30 as non-smokers.1
Lower Limb Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Malynda Williams
Semimembranosus may send a slip to adductor magnus or the femur (Standring 2016). It may have a slip continuous with quadratus femoris (Macalister 1875). It may be partially fused with semitendinosus (Bergman et al. 1988; du Plessis and Loukas 2016). Gray (1945) reports a case in which the three hamstring muscles originated by a common tendon that had a superior attachment to the sacrotuberous ligament and fascial sheath of piriformis. The tendon received slips from quadratus femoris, the ischium, and the femur. The tendon gave rise to the muscle bellies of the hamstrings at mid-thigh.
Competing Risks
Published in Catherine Legrand, Advanced Survival Models, 2021
The usual Gray test is obtained for the weight . When there is no censoring, the Gray test is equivalent to the logrank test performed on the artificial variable defined previously ( if and otherwise) [102]. Several options have been proposed to compute the variance of the Gray test statistics [132, 145, 189]. Other tests have been developed for comparing cumulative incidence functions, see for example [199, 226, 229, 294], there are however less often used than the Gray test.
Genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms in the pathway of saliva and dental caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Biofouling, 2023
Luiz Alexandre Chisini, Rodrigo Varella de Carvalho, Francine dos Santos Costa, Luana Carla Salvi, Flávio Fernando Demarco, Marcos Britto Correa
A total of 1,896 records were found in the initial search (Figure 1). After exclusion of duplicates, 1,341 manuscripts remained for the screening of titles and abstracts in the digital library. Twenty-two full-text papers were assessed for eligibility, of which seven were excluded. One study was sourced from the gray literature. The studies and reasons for exclusion are shown in Table 1. As a result, 16 studies (Peres et al. 2010; Yarat et al. 2011; Koç Öztürk et al. 2012; Wang et al. 2012; Anjomshoaa et al. 2015; Li et al. 2015; Sengul et al. 2016; Cavallari et al. 2018; Shimomura-Kuroki et al. 2018; Esberg et al. 2019; Chisini 2020; Mrag et al. 2020; Piekoszewska-Zietek et al. 2020; Wang et al. 2020; Yildiz Telatar et al. 2020; Wu et al. 2022) were included in the systematic review and 10 (Peres et al. 2010; Li et al. 2015; Sengul et al. 2016; Cavallari et al. 2018; Shimomura-Kuroki et al. 2018; Esberg et al. 2019; Chisini 2020; Piekoszewska-Ziętek et al. 2020; Wang et al. 2020; Yildiz Telatar et al. 2020) in the meta-analysis.
Mental health care needs in cystic fibrosis: A scoping review
Published in Social Work in Health Care, 2022
Campbell Tickner, Lucy Holland, Peter Wark, Jodi Hilton, Cathy Morrison, Frances Kay-Lambkin, Milena Heinsch
This review focused on identifying literature exploring the care needs of people with cystic fibrosis and how they are being met, as guided by the aforementioned definition of mental health care needs. Articles were included if they were (i) published in English; (ii) published between 2000 to 2020; (iii) qualitative, quantitative, mixed methods or observation studies; or (iv) literature reviews. Articles were excluded if they were (i) gray literature; (ii) theses or dissertations; (iii) conference abstracts and proceedings; (iv) or if they did not adequately examine the care needs of those with cystic fibrosis, or how they are being met. Electronic searches of seven health, medicine and social science databases were conducted to identify relevant studies. Databases searched were CINAHL, Embase, Medline, Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection, PsycINFO, Scopus and Sociological Source Ultimate. These were selected with support from a research librarian to cover a broad range of medical, psychology, and multidisciplinary databases. Key search terms, and their variants, included ‘cystic fibrosis,’ ‘mental health,’ ‘mental illness’ ‘depression,’ ‘anxiety,’ ‘care needs,’ ‘support needs’ and ‘patient care.’ Search strings were developed based on key search terms, with an initial search conducted in Medline where results were checked, and the string modified as required. Search strings were checked against subject headings within each database and modified where necessary (see Supplemental Material 2).
Genetic diseases mimicking multiple sclerosis
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2021
Chueh Lin Hsu, Piotr Iwanowski, Chueh Hsuan Hsu, Wojciech Kozubski
Other non-typical MS presentations but considered as red flags include peripheral neuropathy, cognitive impairments, dementia, and epileptic seizures. Growing data over recent years have demonstrated peripheral neuropathy in MS patients, yet the correlation between these diseases is still unknown. Small fiber dysfunction, abnormal vibration perception, and neuropathic pain are often the manifestations of peripheral neuropathy in this group of patients [10–14]. Among all the small fiber damages in MS, the impaired sudomotor function is most observed [15–17]. Cognitive impairments are more common in the later stage of MS and can present as delayed information processing, disturbances in attention and memory [18]. Dementia is less mentioned in MS clinical profile due to lack of large-scale prospective study and standardized diagnostic criteria [19]. Yet its impact on MS patients’ life quality and social activities should not be overlooked [20]. Depression is prevalent among MS patients and has an adverse impact on their cognitive functions [18,21]. Hallucination is the most common presentation of psychosis in MS patients and it is postulated to be caused by regional demyelination or the side effect of MS medications [22]. MS patients may experience seizures at any time during the disease course, and they are also more prone to developing status epilepticus. Gray matter damage and inflammation have been suggested as causes, but the exact pathology behind it remains unknown [23]