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Commercial Production of Radioisotopes for Nuclear Medicine
Published in Garimella V. S. Rayudu, Lelio G. Colombetti, Radiotracers for Medical Applications, 2019
Rubidium-81, from which the 81mKr daughter is eluted, is made by proton bombardment of krypton gas, enriched in 82Kr, via 82Kr(p,2n)81Rb. The target gas is contained in a tubular aluminum target at a pressure such that the krypton target thickness is sufficient to degrade the proton beam to the reaction threshold, 14.2 MeV. For a 22 MeV proton beam, this requires about 500 mg/cm2 krypton gas. The 81Rb induced by bombardment is washed from the walls of the target with water. The no-carrier-added 81Rb is adsorbed onto a small cation exchange column (BioRad MP-50). Loading is essentially quantitative. This column, with connecting plastic tubing at each end, is the 81mKr gas generator.
Biographies
Published in Gregory Higby, Elaine C. Stroud, The History of Pharmacy, 2018
Gregory Higby, Elaine C. Stroud
“Kipp is still known as the inventor of a compact and simple gas generator, which bears his name (1844) In this article a survey is given of the life and work of Kipp. In addition the trade in scientific instruments and the academic education in Delft are summarized.” From the English summary.
The Great Patriotic War – Phase 2
Published in Paul Wanke, Russian/Soviet Military Psychiatry 1904–1945, 2005
Also at the army level, Penfield examined a mobile field hospital for thoracic surgery. It had a 5m by 10m dressing tent with windows and was powered by a small gas generator. Attached to the dressing tent was the surgical tent, 5m by 5m with two operating tables. A wood burning autoclave and a small blood bank dug into the cellar was also present. Located approximately 20 km from the front, these specialized hospitals were designed to move forward towards the fighting, providing specialized care. While this field hospital specialized in thoracic surgery, the literature cites the existence of mobile units like this specializing in the care of NP casualties.9
In vitro and in silico computational methods for assessing vaginal permeability
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2023
Eleni Tsanaktsidou, Marios Krestenitis, Christina Karavasili, Constantinos K. Zacharis, Dimitrios G. Fatouros, Catherine K. Markopoulou
Two different chromatographic set-ups were used to quantify the solubility and permeability of the compounds. A Shimadzu HPLC system consisting of two LC-20AD pumps, a SIL-20AC HT automatic sampler, a CTO-20AC column oven and an SPD-M20A diode array detector was mainly used. Alternatively, a Shimadzu LC-MS 2020 single-quadrupole mass spectrometer with electrospray ion source (ESI/Q) was used to detect compounds with low sensitivity (lack of chromophores). For the LC-MS system the temperature of the desolvation line was set at 250 °C, the N2 nebulizer gas flow was maintained at 1.5 L/min and the drying gas flow was set at 15 L/min, while the interface voltage was set at 4.5 kV in positive mode. A nitrogen gas generator N2LCMS (Nitrogen Generator, Claind) was used. The column temperature was kept constant at 30 °C, and the stationary phase was a C18 Supelco Discovery® column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm).
Circular RNA-CDR1as is involved in lung injury induced by long-term formaldehyde inhalation
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2021
Qiu-Ping Liu, Pan Ge, Qian-Nan Wang, Shu-Yu Zhang, Yan-Qi Yang, Mo-Qi Lv, Ye Lu, Man-Xiang Li, Dang-Xia Zhou
Rats were randomly allocated into four groups, each comprising 6 individuals. Gaseous FA was generated from a 10% formalin solution by the gas generator in static toxification chambers. The FA concentration in the chambers was monitored by Formtector (4160-2, Interscan, Chatsworth, CA, USA) every 1 h during exposure. The control rats were inhaled distilled water vapor. The FA gas exposure group was inhaled at doses of 0.5, 2.46, and 5 mg/m3, respectively, in 1000 L static toxification chambers. The exposure was conducted 8 h/day for consecutive 8 weeks. All rats were observed and documented the general status consists of skin, fur, mucous membranes, and animal behavior, twice per day, 7 days a week. At the end of FA exposure, all the rats were sacrificed. The lungs were collected immediately for the following enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), histopathological examination, and molecular experiments.
Low colonic absorption drugs: risks and opportunities in the development of oral extended release products
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2018
Jin Xu, Yiqing Lin, Pierre Boulas, Matthew L. Peterson
MINEXTAB floating system is patented by Galenix Development [98–100]. It has the features of floating and swelling in order to prolong the gastric retention time. The MINEXTAB tablet usually has one or two inactive floating layers and an active layer to deliver drugs. The active layer is aimed to develop immediate, modified, or bimodal release tablet for high dosage form with less excipients. The inactive layers include mainly a gas generator and hydrophilic polymers or porous minerals to form a floating layer [101]. ER product Metformin HCl LP [86] developed using MINEXTAB Floating technology is currently in the clinical trial [102].