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Exopolysaccharide Production from Marine Bacteria and Its Applications
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Prashakha J. Shukla, Shivang B. Vhora, Ankita G. Murnal, Unnati B. Yagnik, Maheshwari Patadiya
Biological fouling is the attachment of organisms to submerged or wetted artificial surfaces. Biofouling can occur in two different ways: microbial fouling (adhesion of microorganisms to the surface) and macrofouling (adhesion of seaweed, mollusks, mussels or other organisms; Delauney et al., 2010). It is an ongoing and crucial problem for surfaces that are directly in contact with water, causing huge economic losses (Yebra et al., 2004; Cao et al., 2011). The first step of biofouling is the adsorption of organic and inorganic compounds to the primary film. Furthermore, the diverse group of specific and nonspecific microbial communities and multicellular organisms, such as microalgae and seaweeds, adhere to the primary film, accumulate and produce a polymeric matrix. At the last stage, large marine organisms, such as macroalgae, barnacles and mussels, attach to the preexisting microbial film (Delauney et al., 2010).
Bio-Implants Derived from Biocompatible and Biodegradable Biopolymeric Materials
Published in P. Mereena Luke, K. R. Dhanya, Didier Rouxel, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Sabu Thomas, Advanced Studies in Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2021
This is of very much important to have an in depth understanding of surface/interface characteristics of polymeric biomaterials and precise details of the interaction between their surface and biological entity. This is highly relevant for their successful and safe performance in various applications including biosensing, diagnostics, and medical devices. People are looking for the development of versatile, convenient, and more economical for providing resistant to the surface from fouling by proteins, cells, and microorganisms.
Marine and Coastal Ecosystems
Published in Kezia Barker, Robert A. Francis, Routledge Handbook of Biosecurity and Invasive Species, 2021
Rebecca J. Giesler, Elizabeth J. Cottier-Cook
Much of the marine aquaculture around the world is increasingly reliant on using specific NNS as stock. However, unwanted pest species can cause problems by introducing diseases or impacting the growth of cultivated stock and reducing yield (Watson et al., 2009; Cottier-Cook et al., 2016). Fouling of stock and equipment can result in increased cleaning costs and reduced opportunities for sale (Bourque et al., 2005; Watson et al., 2009). Non-native ascidian species in particular have caused problems for shellfish aquaculture companies. Species such as Styela clava Herdman 1881 and Didemnum vexillum Kott 2002 are both capable of settling in high densities on aquaculture structures and smothering mussel species (Dafforn et al., 2012; Ferguson et al., 2017; Figure 9.3). Larvae of the bay scallop Argopectin irradians irradians were even shown to avoid settlement on colonies of D. vexillum, potentially affecting commercial sea scallop fisheries in the US (Morris et al., 2009).
Bacterial surface attachment and fouling assay on polymer and carbon surfaces using Rheinheimera sp. identified using bacteria community analysis of brackish water
Published in Biofouling, 2022
Emily Manderfeld, Chidambaram Thamaraiselvan, Maurício Nunes Kleinberg, Lejla Jusufagic, Christopher J. Arnusch, Axel Rosenhahn
Through the rapidly growing global freshwater deficiency, water desalination, as the most promising approach to supply freshwater, is especially needed in arid regions (Cohen-Tanugi and Grossman 2012). Clean water is not only an essential component for domestic use, but also for industries, like the food, beverage, oil, gas, agriculture, pharmaceutical, and petrochemical industries (Teow and Mohammad 2019). Nowadays, the demand for clean water is constantly increasing due to population growth and global climate changes and the challenge is intensified as freshwater resources decrease (Teow and Mohammad 2019). Reverse osmosis (RO), which is a pressure-driven process (Malaeb and Ayoub 2011), is one of the most used methods for obtaining freshwater from saltwater sources (Fritzmann et al. 2007; Ghaffour et al. 2013). Despite many advantages, RO membranes, namely thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide membranes, face the problem of fouling (Subramani and Hoek 2010). Different types of fouling can occur such as crystalline fouling (scaling), organic fouling, particle and colloid fouling, and microbiological fouling (biofouling) (Flemming 1997). This process leads not only to increased operation costs (Flemming 1997) but causes membrane failure in the water purification system. For the different types of fouling, different factors play a role, namely the feed chemistry and composition, the concentration polarization, the membrane properties, and the process operating conditions (Alsawaftah et al. 2021). In general, 40% of the fouling during reverse osmosis filtration is attributed to biofouling (Alsawaftah et al. 2021).
Fluorescent melamine-formaldehyde/polyamine coatings for microcapsules enabling their tracking in composites
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2022
Christian Neumann, Sophia Rosencrantz, Andreas Schmohl, Latnikova Alexandra
Prevention of fouling is a big technological challenge. Façade coatings without antifouling additives are known to turn green or coloured, respectively, very fast due to the growth of algae and fungi. Biocides, such as diuron, are often added to the commercial plasters (Vega-Garcia et al.2020, Vega-Garcia et al.2022). The biocide is also often added in microencapsulated form in order to achieve a controlled release over several years (Breuer et al.2012). Careful formulation of the biocides in the coatings and plasters is a very important issue as it often defines the performance of the final product. Thus, homogeneous distribution of the biocides over the entire plaster surface is important for the achievement of controlled release profiles and the efficient fouling protection.
On the effect of biofouling on the minimum propulsion power of ships for safe navigation in realistic conditions
Published in Biofouling, 2021
Shukui Liu, Apostolos Papanikolaou, Ana Bezunartea-Barrio, Baoguo Shang, Maya Sreedharan
To avoid such dangerous scenarios, precautionary measures should be taken. As the danger is caused by fouling, an apparent solution would be to apply hull cleaning, propeller cleaning, or both. Typically, hull cleaning takes more time and space, and as underwater cleaning is banned by many countries, ships need to be docked to undergo such cleaning. On the other hand, propeller cleaning can be more conveniently carried out. Thus, it is of interest to know the effect of propeller cleaning on improving/reducing the required minimum propulsion power. The effect of conducting propeller cleaning is briefly demonstrated in Figure 9. Assuming the propeller performance will return to the original condition after cleaning, the MPPA is executed for the KVLCC2 ship with hull fouling only: Ship Condition B’: ks of hull surface =10,000μm.