China
Africa
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Land Administration and Authoritative Geospatial Information: Lessons from Disasters to Support Building Resilience to Pandemics
Published in Abbas Rajabifard, Greg Foliente, Daniel Paez, COVID-19 Pandemic, Geospatial Information, and Community Resilience, 2021
Keith Clifford Bell, Vladimir V. Evtimov
For those working in international development, the pandemic has brought almost everything to a complete standstill. Development agency priorities are generally committed to the higher priorities of governments dealing with the economic meltdowns as well as addressing health demands and urgent needs for survival of society including food security. These priorities may see deferments of new investment projects for LAS and NSDI. Most land sector interventions take considerable time to implement and political will is paramount. The post-pandemic world presents opportunities for significant progress with carbon emission reduction, climate change, green growth and PROBLUE. LAS and NSDI have key roles to play in the resilience of the post-pandemic world by Building Back Better.
Protecting Human Health in a Green Energy Context: Regulatory Scenarios between International and EU Law
Published in Stefania Negri, Environmental Health in International and EU Law, 2019
The key feature worthy of attention is the air that we breathe. Indeed, the individual States’ regulatory interventions aiming at reducing CO2 represent a positive objective, even more if the objectives that will be pursued are not left to the discretion of States but are regulated by international organisations. Within this context, the European Union has also turned its attention to the relationship between energy and health. Such attention has long been centred on air pollution levels and identifying progressive objectives aimed at implementing clean air programs for Europe. In 2019, four directives will aim at regulating air pollution incident sectors through the implementation of emission reduction measures. The European Commission addressed the issue of the relationship between energy and clean air in a 2013 study that represented the premises of current regulatory choices aimed at regulating the behaviour of States for the coming years.13
Disposal of the body
Published in Peter Hutton, Ravi Mahajan, Allan Kellehear, Death, Religion and Law, 2019
Peter Hutton, Ravi Mahajan, Allan Kellehear
There have been several Cremation Acts, the last amendment being in 2008. Technically, cremation is only permitted in a purpose-built facility. All new crematoria are required to have emission reduction technology. As with burials, each crematorium has to keep a record (with a serial number) of every cremation carried out. The crematorium returns the ‘Notification of Disposal’ to the Registrar with the appropriate information.
Weight of evidence analysis of the tumorigenic potential of 1,3-dichloropropene supports a threshold-based risk assessment
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2020
Zhongyu (June) Yan, Michael Bartels, Bhaskar Gollapudi, Jeffrey Driver, Matthew Himmelstein, Sean Gehen, Daland Juberg, Ian van Wesenbeeck, Claire Terry, Reza Rasoulpour
Worker population: In occupational settings, applicators may be exposed via the inhalation route while handling the pesticide prior to application, as well as during fumigation activities, post-fumigation tasks, and direct handing tasks during application. Potential dermal exposure (and risk estimation) during handling and application of 1,3-D has not been considered necessary due to the highly volatile nature of the chemical and anticipated very low dermal exposure relative to inhalation (US EPA 2019b). Since 1,3-D is formulated as a liquid there is some potential for dermal and eye contact, however, the use of mitigation controls such as personal protective equipment (PPE) and closed transfer systems minimizes dermal exposure opportunities. Although 1,3-D may be irritating to the skin and eyes, PPE for dermal and eye protection is based on the acute toxicity of the end-use product, consistent with the U.S. EPA’s Worker Protection Standard and mitigation measures (US EPA 2019b). Occupational dermal post-application exposures are not expected given the high vapor pressure of 1,3-D. In addition, emission reduction techniques used (e.g. tarping) reduce potential exposures.
Why use indicators to measure and monitor the inclusion of climate change and environmental sustainability in health professions’ education?
Published in Medical Teacher, 2020
Diana Lynne Madden, Michelle McLean, Meagan Brennan, Aishah Moore
Some countries, such as the United Kingdom (UK), have enacted legislation creating legally binding targets to support the system-level change necessary to reach national emission reduction targets. The Climate Change Act 2008 requires the UK government to achieve net zero emissions by 2050; this covers all departments including education. System level change is complex and sector-specific guidance has been produced to facilitate this (The Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education [QAA] 2014; Sustainable Development Unit 2018). Measuring and monitoring progress and regular reporting using indicators have allowed the UK National Health Service to achieve remarkable success, reducing carbon emissions and moving to more sustainable forms of health care over the past 10 years. This information has been used to engage the health sector to drive further change, demonstrating the contribution of a well-chosen, system-level indicator, in this case carbon emissions, to create an aligned discussion (Pencheon and Wight 2020).
Ethical Dilemmas in Protecting Susceptible Subpopulations From Environmental Health Risks: Liberty, Utility, Fairness, and Accountability for Reasonableness
Published in The American Journal of Bioethics, 2018
David B. Resnik, D. Robert MacDougall, Elise M. Smith
Cap and trade systems appeal to some libertarians, in part, because they apply a market-based approach to environmental policy that results in numerous advantages over CACs (see Anderson and Leal 2001; Dolan 1990). For example, because cap and trade systems force companies with high emissions to internalize what are currently negative externalities (i.e., costs imposed on others), they provide an ongoing incentive for companies to reduce pollution as much as possible, because the companies can always sell their unused credits or at least can avoid needing to purchase more credits. In contrast, CAC policies often simply require companies to meet specified emission reduction limits or adopt alternative technologies, and thus provide no continuous incentive for polluters to continue reducing emissions, absent new regulation.