China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Dry-Fill Formulation and Filling Technology
Published in Larry L. Augsburger, Stephen W. Hoag, Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, 2017
Pavan Heda, Vikas Agarwal, Shailesh K. Singh
Granulation of powder is typically done to increase density. This helps enormously as the weight of bulk that can be filled on a given size of capsule can be increased, or a smaller capsule size can be selected based on the reduced volume. However, granulations can also enhance some other processing characteristics and attributes as desired for the finished dosage form. Flow and compression properties of formulations can be improved. Dustiness and particle adhesion onto metal surfaces can be reduced. Granulation also increases the robustness by reducing the variability in the physical properties of raw materials. Wet granulation may improve wettability and drug dissolution through hydrophilization.56 Common binders used in wet granulation such as pre-gelatinized starch and polyvinyl pyrrolidone are hydrophilic and can be expected to deposit on particle surfaces where they may enhance wettability. Granulation can improve content uniformity by holding the active particles in granules so that the formulation can be handled without loss of blend quality. Moreover, the binder liquid in wet granulation provides a convenient vehicle to introduce and uniformly disperse a very low dose drug throughout the granulated mass.
History of asbestos commercial use and discovery of adverse health effects: Asbestosis
Published in Dorsett D. Smith, The Health Effects of Asbestos, 2015
Recommendations were made to the British parliament, and these recommendations on dust control went into effect on January 1, 1933. It was hoped at that time that the dust control measures instituted would be sufficient to prevent future cases of asbestosis. Merewether established the concept of a dose–response relationship to asbestosis. He estimated doses by job title and relative dustiness of that particular occupation. Later scientists would estimate doses by measurement of both total dust and later calculation of asbestos fibers as a percentage of total dust.
The Consumptive Patient in Relation to Preventive Measures against Phthisis
Published in Arthur Newsholme, The Prevention of Tuberculosis, 2015
(b) Industrially the patient only benefits indirectly. No visits to patients are made at workshops or shops, in any town with the administration of which I am acquainted. To make such visits would be a foolish mistake. But, quite apart from the patient himself, workplaces are visited, and defects discovered and remedied, the remedy of which might otherwise have been greatly delayed. No Sanitary Authority possesses a sufficiently large staff immediately to discover all sanitary defects. Very few Sanitary Authorities have a staff of sanitary inspectors sufficiently large to enable them to visit each house and workplace in their district once annually. In the intervals of such visits conditions of overcrowding, dirtiness, and dustiness may long prevail. These conditions are much more dangerous where there is a case of phthisis than elsewhere. The notification of cases of this disease enables houses and workplaces in which such visits are particularly important to be visited at more frequent intervals, a great gain to the public health being thus secured.
Rationale and decision rules behind the ECETOC NanoApp to support registration of sets of similar nanoforms within REACH
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2021
Gemma Janer, Robert Landsiedel, Wendel Wohlleben
Dustiness is an established determinant of exposure, widely used in exposure modeling (Cherrie et al. 2020), and considered as input in several risk assessment tools (Nymark et al. 2020). Dustiness is a mandatory data requirement by REACH (Annex VII) for substances produced or imported above 1 ton per year. In our assessment, it is used as a surrogate of aggregation/agglomeration level. Therefore, differences in dustiness are also indicative of potential differences in toxicokinetics.