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Entrapment and Incaprettamento
Published in Burkhard Madea, Asphyxiation, Suffocation,and Neck Pressure Deaths, 2020
Vittorio Fineschi, Matteo Scopetti, Emanuela Turillazzi
Following this restrictive interpretation, in this chapter we will focus on suffocation by entrapment or environmental hazard, both sharing the fact of inadequate oxygen in the environment. A confined space is any place which is completely or partly enclosed and where it is foreseeable that hazardous substances or conditions either inside it or nearby may cause a risk of the following occurring: Loss of consciousness from poisonous gases or lack of oxygen.Asphyxiation by free-flowing solids.Drowning in an increasing level of liquid.Serious injury by fire or explosion.
Employment Law and Occupational Health and Safety
Published in Julie Dickinson, Anne Meyer, Karen J. Huff, Deborah A. Wipf, Elizabeth K. Zorn, Kathy G. Ferrell, Lisa Mancuso, Marjorie Berg Pugatch, Joanne Walker, Karen Wilkinson, Legal Nurse Consulting Principles and Practices, 2019
Kathleen P. Buckheit, Moniaree Parker Jones
Standards are written for a wide variety of workplace hazards, including toxic substances, harmful physical agents, electrical hazards, fall hazards, trenching hazards, hazardous waste, infectious diseases, fire and explosion hazards, dangerous atmospheres, machine hazards, and confined spaces (U.S. DOL, OSHA, 2016, p. 5). A few of the standards that often involve the Occupational and Environmental Health Nurse include the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard, Hazard Communication Standard, Recording and Reporting of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses Standard, Access to Medical and Exposure Records Standard, Occupational Noise Exposure Standard, and Personal Protective Equipment Standard (Appendix A). All standards may be accessed via the OSHA website (U.S. DOL, OSHA, 2016, p. 4). For a more in-depth discussion of the role of the OEHN, see the section on Occupational and Environmental Health Nursing later in the chapter.
Electrical Brain Stimulation to Treat Neurological Disorders
Published in Bahman Zohuri, Patrick J. McDaniel, Electrical Brain Stimulation for the Treatment of Neurological Disorders, 2019
Bahman Zohuri, Patrick J. McDaniel
Some hospitals might have an open MRI machine that is open on the sides rather than the tunnel-like tube found in a traditional machine. This may be a helpful alternative for people who feel afraid of confined spaces.
Oxygen deficiency hazard in confined spaces in the steel industry: assessment through predictive models
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2021
Elena Stefana, Filippo Marciano, Paola Cocca, Diana Rossi, Giuseppe Tomasoni
Confined spaces are industrial places where both fatal and non-fatal accidents occur and where the tolerance for errors or oversights is small [3]. A universal accepted definition of confined spaces is not available [3,4]; however, a common definition is a space which: (a) is large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work; (b) has limited or restricted means for entry or exit; (c) is not designed for continuous occupancy [5,6]. These working environments are frequently characterized by the presence of multiple hazardous conditions, where a risk assessment should be performed prior to entry and work [3,7,8]. Rekus [9] points out that confined space hazards can be divided into physical and atmospheric ones. The former include engulfment, moving mechanical equipment, electrical systems, ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, temperature extremes and thermal conditions [3,9]. The latter comprise O2 deficiency or enrichment, flammable and explosive gases and vapours, and toxic substances [3,9]. Recently, Selman et al. [10] highlighted that atmospheric hazards are a significant mechanism of incident in confined space fatalities, stating that approximately half of all confined space entrant fatalities, and nearly all confined space rescuer fatalities, are as a result of atmospheric hazards.
Comparative assessment of respiratory and other occupational health effects among elementary workers
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2019
Almas Hamid, Wajeeha Saleem, Ghazala Yaqub, Moin ud din Ghauri
Confined spaces are spaces with limited means of entry which are subject to accumulation of flammable and toxic gases with an oxygen-deficient environment. Seventy-two percent of SW and 68% of CW termed such spaces to be a major hazard in their occupation while only 4% of SWP faced such exposure. Manholes, ventilation or exhaust ducts and dumpsters are common confined spaces where SW and SWP are required to work, whereas for CW confined spaces include storage tanks, process vessels, boilers, tunnels, pipelines, basements, attics, trenches and excavations [23]. Engulfment and loss of consciousness leading to death are common risks to life while working in confined spaces. Safe work practices like permit protocols, presence of a supervisor, air monitoring before entry and workers equipped with appropriate PPE are some requisites needed to be implemented while carrying out tasks in confined spaces [24].
Prioritizing the indicators influencing permit to work system efficiency based on an analytic network process
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
Soheil Abbasi, Neda Gilani, Mostafa Javanmardi, Seyed Shamseddin Alizadeh, Saeid Jalilpour, Milad Safari
According to the findings, ‘communication among employers, contractors and employees’ has the highest priority. Poor relationships between supervisors and workers resulted in insufficient safety communication, especially in the case of contractor workers who could affect safety performance [71]. This subject is especially important in permit space entry and confined spaces. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) [72] has recommended that the employers shall inform the contractors of the identified hazards and also communications between the attendant and entrant(s) shall be maintained throughout entry. The importance of the role of coordination and communication on safety performance is confirmed by previous studies [73,74].