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Vinca rosea (Madagascar Periwinkle) and Adhatoda vesica (Malabar Nut)
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Rajib Hossain, Md Shahazul Islam, Dipta Dey, Muhammad Torequl Islam
In Swiss albino rats, the hepatoprotective effect of ethyl acetate extract of A. vasica was studied against CCl4-induced liver injury. CCl4 caused liver injury in rats when given at a dosage of 1ml/kg, as shown by statistically significant increases in blood alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and bilirubin. The three blood level enzymes, as well as bilirubin, were statistically reduced when rats were given the ethyl acetate extract of A. vasica (100mg/kg and 200mg/kg) prior to the CCl4 dosage of 1ml/kg. Histopathological findings corroborated the aforementioned findings, although the 200mg/kg dosage was shown to be more active. According to current findings, A. vasica ethyl acetate extract exhibits a strong hepatoprotective effect against CCl4-induced liver injury. (Ahmad et al., 2013).
Antioxidant Effects of Peptides
Published in Mesut Karahan, Synthetic Peptide Vaccine Models, 2021
Rümeysa Rabia Kocatürk, Fatmanur Zehra Zelka, Öznur Özge Özcan, Fadime Canbolat
Spirulina platensis is the only blue-green algae that is grown commercially for food use. It is a good food source due to its high protein content and natural biochelate vitamins. A mixture of these two sources rich in protein was found to be successful in preventing liver damage induced by CCl4 (hepatotoxin) in an in vivo study (Gad et al. 2011).
A-Z of Standardisation, Pre-Clinical, Clinical and Toxicological Data
Published in Saroya Amritpal Singh, Regulatory and Pharmacological Basis of Ayurvedic Formulations, 2017
Hepatoprotective: Haridradi ghrita (50, 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg), significantly lowered marker enzymes (SGPT, SGOT, ALP) and bilirubin in serum and liver peroxide, superoxide dismutase and catalase in liver homogenate following CCl4 (0.7 ml/kg, ip) toxicity. The protective effect was further supported by reversal of CCl4 induced histological changes (Satturwar et al. 2003).
Elevated Levels of Interleukins, Leukocyte Protein and Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide are Strongly Associated with Early to Mid-Stage of Pythium insidiosum Infection in Rabbit Corneas
Published in Current Eye Research, 2022
Lalit Kishore Ahirwar, Savitri Sharma
The RT-qPCR which was used to determine the association of innate and adaptive immune mediators in rabbit cornea to P. insidiosum showed significant upregulation of various immune mediators on 7th day compared to 3rd and 9th day post infection (DPI) (p < 0.05) over control (Figure 3) including antimicrobial protein CAP-18 [3rd vs. 7th vs. 9th DPI (245 vs. 768 vs. 4.8-fold)], pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β (90 vs. 366 vs. 1.5-fold) and IL-6 (125 vs. 353 vs. 5-fold) and Chemokine IL-8 (48 vs. 194 vs. 0.5-fold). Additionally, another antimicrobial protein, the LeukoP was significantly increased on 3rd day compared to 7th and 9th DPI (230 vs. 106 vs. 2-fold, p < 0.05). The expressions of these cytokines were also higher on 3rd day compared to 9th day post infection. Apart from the above innate immune mediators, there was no significant difference observed for CCL4, it was higher at early stage compared to later stages. Among the other adaptive immune cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-22, and TGF-β), only IL-17A was significantly higher (p-value = 0.028) on 7th day (339 fold) compared to 9th day DPI (8-fold). Although the expression of TGF-β was not statistically different, it was higher on 3rd (162-fold) and 9th day (19-fold) compared to 7th day DPI (7-fold).
Stem cell therapies for wound healing
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2019
Nina Kosaric, Harriet Kiwanuka, Geoffrey C Gurtner
Investigators have also explored ways to increase MSC migration into sites of injury. The SDF-1/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) signaling axis has been established as an important regulator of MSC migration [96]. Hu et al. investigated the role of SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling in the mobilization of BM-MSCs in a murine burn model and showed that expression of SDF-1 and CXCR4 were significantly elevated in the burn margins. Notably, blocking CXCR4 in BM-MSCs significantly inhibited mobilization of BM-MSCs from the bone marrow and decreased the rate of wound closure [96]. In human MSCs, CXCR4 expression is lost following in vitro expansion, and several studies have attempted to increase CXCR4 expression to improve MSC chemotaxis toward SDF-1. that CXCR4 transfection of UBC-MSCs has been shown to improve the ability of cells to migrate toward an SDF-1 gradient in vitro [97].These findings were confirmed by Ma et al. in a murine model for CCl4-induced acute liver failure. Intravenously administered MSCs transfected with the CXCR4 gene exhibited improved cell migration to the liver, colonization, and proliferation of hepatocytes over infusion of Null-MSCs [98].
Anatomical structure, and expression of CCL4 and CCL13-like during the development of maxillary barbel in Paramisgurnus dabryanus
Published in Organogenesis, 2019
Kianann Tan, Ruijing Geng, Zhiqiang Wang, Han Liu, Weimin Wang
Expression of CCL4 and CCL13-like in the maxillary barbels of P. dabryanus was analyzed during the embryonic stage (0, 12 hpf) and the maxillary barbels’ developmental stage (24, 48, 72, 114, 144, 192, and 216 hpf). Expression levels in the fertilized egg stage (0 hpf) were used as the standard against which the relative expression values at the other stages of development were calculated. For the CCL13-like, no expression was found at 12, 24, 48, 72, 114 and 144 hpf. However, relative expression increased drastically (109.89-fold; significantly higher, p < .01) at 192 hpf. For the CCL4, there was a weak expression at 24, 114 and 144 hpf, with the expression values 0.43, 2.98 and 2.43, respectively. No expression was found at 168 hpf, but there was a sharp increase to 53.83 (significantly higher, p < .01) at 192 hpf, and then to 266.69 (significantly higher, p < .01) at 216 hpf (Fig. 6). The highest expressions of these two genes in maxillary barbels were detected at 192 and 216 hpf.