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Inflammatory, Hypersensitivity and Immune Lung Diseases, including Parasitic Diseases.
Published in Fred W Wright, Radiology of the Chest and Related Conditions, 2022
In byssinosis the raw cotton may be directly adrenergic or the symptoms may be caused by bacteria in the cotton. Characteristically it affects workers after the week-end break - hence the term 'Monday fever'. It causes dyspnoea, fatigue and cough. (Cotton can also cause embolism in drug addicts and from wiping angiographic guide wires with cotton gauze - see Adams et al, 1965).
Immunological Mechanisms for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases of Mucosa
Published in William S. Lynn, Inflammatory Cells and Lung Disease, 2019
Reported findings concerning the immunophysiology of this disease are often specific for the stage of the patient’s illness, i.e., whether he has: (1) “Monday morning syndrome”; (2) a chronic stage not immediately exacerbated by re-contact with cotton dust but capable of some regression if exposure is reduced; and (3) permanent respiratory disability characterized by a progressive obstructive pneumopathy. In stage I of byssinosis, for example, eosinophilia and positive skin tests to defatted cotton extract are reportedly present in about one-half of patients.132–133 On the other hand, Massoud and Taylor demonstrated circulating anti-cotton antibodies in patients suffering from byssinosis, both in its acute and chronic stages, which were in higher concentration than those found in exposed persons who were healthy.134 Others have found these antibodies to be of lower titer and less occupation-associated.135
Various Approaches to Risk in the Legal System
Published in Marshall S. Shapo, Understanding the Law for Physicians, Healthcare Professionals, and Scientists, 2018
Just a year later, the Court divided the other way in a case involving an OSHA regulation on permissible exposure levels for cotton dust, designed to minimize byssinosis—“brown lung”—in cotton mill workers, thousands of whom suffered from the disease. Here, Justice Brennan upheld the regulation, rejecting what he characterized as the position of the defendant American Textile Manufacturers that not only did OSHA have to “show a significant risk of material health impairment,” but that it would have to show “that the reduction in risk of material health impairment is significant in light of the costs of attaining that reduction.”8 Justice Rehnquist, who had written a concurring opinion in the Petroleum Institute case, now dissented. He said that the words “to the extent feasible” in the OSHA statute represented an “abdicat[ion]” of Congress’ “responsibility” to decide the “fundamental and most difficult policy choice” about weighing prevention costs against the “statistical possibility of future deaths.”9 A lesson from this pairing of conflicting opinions is that when questions of how regulators should respond to physical risk involve large conflicting forces, the answers cannot be neatly placed on a grid. Courts first look to the language of a statute but they then interpret that language, and their interpretation often reflects their policy preferences. Those preferences will entail a mixture of judgments about the need for economic production and the value of life and limb.
Epidemiology of respiratory diseases and associated factors among female textile workers in Pakistan
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
Muhammad Khan, Kashif Muhmood, Shumaila Noureen, Hafiz Zahid Mahmood, Rafi Amir-ud-Din
Byssinosis is a lung disease caused by prolonged exposure to cotton dust. Schilling categorized it concerning the severity of the disease [28]. Grade 0 corresponds to no symptoms of chest tightness or breathlessness on the first day of the week (Monday). Grade 1/2 corresponds to occasional chest tightness or breathing difficulty on the first day of the working week. Grade 1 corresponds to chest tightness and/or breathlessness on Monday only. Grade 2 corresponds to chest tightness and/or breathlessness on Monday and other weekdays. Grade 3 corresponds to Grade 2 symptoms accompanied by evidence of permanent impairment in capacity from reduced ventilator defect.