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Nanoparticles of Marine Origin and Their Potential Applications
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Fatemeh Sedaghat, Morteza Yousefzadi, Reza Sheikhakbari-Mehr
Numerous anti-biofouling measures such as mechanical, chemical, and biological methods are in practice but their effects on the anti-biofouling are not remarkable. On contrary, the commercially available antifouling paints are highly toxic to the unintentional aquatic organisms. Application of antifouling compounds from natural sources is considered one of the best replacement options for the antifouling processes [Ramkumara et al., 2016].
Exopolysaccharide Production from Marine Bacteria and Its Applications
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Prashakha J. Shukla, Shivang B. Vhora, Ankita G. Murnal, Unnati B. Yagnik, Maheshwari Patadiya
There are many techniques used to prevent fouling of artificial surfaces such as the use of biocide-coated surfaces (Nakayama et al., 1998; Morris and Walsh, 2000; Bearinger et al., 2003). However, natural antifouling chemicals produced by aquatic organisms or plants are the most promising methods for biofouling control. Coating surfaces with biological polymers or secondary metabolites can also prevent the formation of biofilm and, subsequently, biofouling. Guezennec et al. (2012) used EPSs from Alteromonas, Pseudomonas, and Vibrio spp. for an antibiofouling coating. They reported that EPSs can inhibit the primary colonization of bacteria, thereby minimizing successive biofouling. The presence of a polysaccharide film changes the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance, which is important for adhering cells to surfaces (Yaskovich, 1998; Guezennec et al., 2012). Vibrio alginolyticus, V. proteolyticus, and V. vulnificus also are producers of antibiofouling EPSs (Qian et al., 2006; Kim et al., 2011).
Nanoparticle-Based Medicines: A Review of FDA-Approved Materials and Clinical Trials to Date *
Published in Valerio Voliani, Nanomaterials and Neoplasms, 2021
Daniel Bobo, Kye J. Robinson, Jiaul Islam, Kristofer J. Thurecht, Simon R. Corrie
Developed by Nanobiotix, NBTXR3 is a novel radio enhancer utilizing a high electron density metal oxide (hafnium oxide) nanoparticle to increase radiotherapy efficacy without increasing the surrounding tissue dose [76]. In corporation of a high electron density material maximizes x-ray interactions producing a larger number of excited electrons and in turn forming more reactive radical species [77]. Developed for injection into a tumor site these particles are designed to undergo cell uptake. Uptake is increased by tuning the particle size and surface properties (50 nm diameter and negative zeta potential), which prevents leakage to surrounding tissue while maximizing the local cellular damage when particles are irradiated [76]. Once again, antifouling coatings are usually employed to stabilize the nanoparticles in biological environments. Entering phase I clinical trials in 2011 NBTXR3 has since reached phase II/III for treatment of soft tissue sarcoma due for completion towards the end of 2016. Phase I trials have also begun for indications including head and neck cancer and have been completed for rectal cancer in conjunction with PharmaEngine under the name of PEP503.
Using aeration to probe the flow characteristics associated with long-term marine macrofouling growth and suppression
Published in Biofouling, 2021
Lena Dubitsky, Mark Menesses, Jesse Belden, James Bird
A separate question is the mechanism by which aeration affects the biofouling process. Antifouling mechanisms can generally be categorized as prevention or removal strategies. Antifouling coatings prevent biofouling growth by creating an inhospitable environment for settlement (Chambers et al. 2006). Removal strategies consist of periodic grooming to detach any organisms that have already settled (Tribou and Swain 2010, 2015). In the case of aeration, it is possible that the stream of passing bubbles dislodges newly settled larvae, or that the fluctuations caused by the bubbles remove any opportunity for settlement. The best-fit critical time window is on the same timescales as the initial contact and attachment stages. Furthermore, the duration of this time window is similar to the one previously found for larval settlement by Larsson et al. (2016). Therefore, it is plausible that the high-frequency bubble streams prevent biofouling by disrupting the settling process, consistent with the settling window theory.
Natural polyketide 6-pentyl-2H-pyrone-2-one and its synthetic analogues efficiently prevent marine biofouling
Published in Biofouling, 2021
Mo Aqib Raza Khan, Bo-Wei Wang, Yih-Yu Chen, Ting-Hsuan Lin, Hsiu-Chin Lin, Yu-Liang Yang, Ka-Lai Pang, Chih-Chuang Liaw
For controling the biofouling and avoiding the problem of the present antifouling agents, there is an increasing demand to discover environmentally friendly alternative antifoulants (Almeida and Vasconcelos 2015; Reddy et al. 2020; Rajitha et al. 2020b). Studies have indicated that several natural products with various activities can serve as antifouling (AF) agents. For instance, butenolides derived from Streptomyces strains inhibit the settlement of barnacle cyprids (Zhang et al. 2012) and perforenol derived from the marine red alga, Laurencia spp., has promising inhibitory effects against settlement of Amphibalanus amphitrite larvae (Protopapa et al. 2019). Accordingly, environmentally friendly AF agents that are nontoxic, and/or with rapid degradation and low leaching rates, must be identified from natural products (Clare et al. 1992).
Thermoplastic, rubber-like marine antifouling coatings with micro-structures via mechanical embossing
Published in Biofouling, 2020
Tom Bus, Marie L. Dale, Kevin J. Reynolds, Cees W. M. Bastiaansen
The accumulation of biological organisms on surfaces, referred to as biofouling, is a widespread problem with impacts in multiple sectors (Schultz 2007; Harding and Reynolds 2014; Deshpande et al. 2015; Jiang et al. 2017). Marine biofouling has a substantial economic impact and, for instance, increases fuel consumption and costs for the shipping industry (Schultz 2007; Schultz et al. 2011). Conventional coatings for marine anti-biofouling are based on biocidal technologies and their use results in extensive release of toxic and bio-accumulative compounds into the marine environment and eventually the food chain (Konstantinou and Albanis 2004; Thomas and Brooks 2010; Dafforn et al. 2011). There is therefore a need for novel, effective and non-toxic coatings to replace biocidal antifouling (AF) coatings (Lejars et al. 2012; Nurioglu et al. 2015).