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Time-Series Analysis of COVID-19 in Iran: A Remote Sensing Perspective
Published in Abbas Rajabifard, Greg Foliente, Daniel Paez, COVID-19 Pandemic, Geospatial Information, and Community Resilience, 2021
Nadia Abbaszadeh Tehrani, Abolfazl Mollalo, Farinaz Farhanj, Nooshin Pahlevanzadeh, Milad Janalipour
Copernicus program provides some environmental parameters that can present appropriate information about diseases [44]. They can show crowded and industrial areas that people have a high interaction. Hence, it is employed to extract some environmental indicators and the their effects on COVID-19. Sentinel-5P sensor called TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (Tropomi) is designed to monitor the atmosphere, climate, air quality, and solar radiation, at a spatial resolution of 0.01 arc degrees (≈ 1.11 km), and a spectral range of (270-495), (675-775), and (2305-2385) nm [45]. In this study, Near Real-Time (NRTI) air pollutant concentrations, including CO, NO2, SO2, O3, and HCHO were obtained. Also, cloud cover fraction data among NRTI level 3 cloud products of Sentinel-5P was extracted from GEE data catalog and utilized as explanatory variable.
Modeling Exposure
Published in Samuel C. Morris, Cancer Risk Assessment, 2020
Defining the exposed population involves a combination of exposure pathway modeling and demographic information. The methods vary. For example, the pattern of air pollutant concentrations may be described on a map together with the pattern of population distribution or a similar process conducted entirely by computer. Depending on the nature of the assessment, estimates of current, past, or future populations may be necessary.
Ambient Air Pollution and Health Effects in Shanghai
Published in Igor Vojnovic, Amber L. Pearson, Gershim Asiki, Geoffrey DeVerteuil, Adriana Allen, Handbook of Global Urban Health, 2019
Wei Tu, Zhijing Lin, Lili Du, Haidong Kan, Weichun Ma
H. Zhang et al. (2018) analyzed data on the daily visits to the emergency and outpatient department for five main respiratory diseases and their medical expenditures between 2013 and 2015. Their models showed significant increments in emergency visits (8.81–17.26%) and corresponding expenditures (0.33–25.81%) for pediatric respiratory diseases, upper respiratory infection (URI), and COPD for an IQR increase of air pollutant concentrations over four lag days. In addition there were significant but smaller increments in outpatient visits (1.36–4.52%) and expenditures (1.38–3.18%) for pediatric respiratory diseases and URI.
Influences of environmental exposures on individuals living with cystic fibrosis
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2020
Rhonda Szczesniak, Jessica L. Rice, Cole Brokamp, Patrick Ryan, Teresa Pestian, Yizhao Ni, Eleni-Rosalina Andrinopoulou, Ruth H. Keogh, Emrah Gecili, Rui Huang, John P. Clancy, Joseph M. Collaco
As noted, outdoor air pollutant concentrations arise from multiple sources, though evidence from epidemiologic studies of children with asthma suggests the composition of pollutants derived from traffic sources, including diesel exhaust particles, ultrafine particles in ambient air, nitrogen dioxide, and elemental carbon, may confer specific risks to children who are exposed via residence near major roadways. Numerous association studies have been undertaken to examine relative contributions of traffic-related air pollution exposure on asthma severity [30]. Similarly, CF exacerbation frequency has been associated with residential proximity to major arterial roadways in one study conducted in Los Angeles demonstrating a 6.7 greater odds of two or more exacerbations for every 1000 m closer to a major roadway [31].
Improving interventional causal predictions in regulatory risk assessment
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2023
Like the Di et al. study, this cohort study collected data on estimated PM2.5 and other pollutant levels and corresponding mortality rates for people living at different locations, but it did not examine whether changes over time in pollution levels helped to explain or predict subsequent changes over time in mortality rates. Although Turner et al. refer (in their Table 2) to “all-cause and cause-specific mortality hazard ratios in relation to each 10-unit increase in air pollutant concentrations” (emphasis added), the “increase” referred to is actually a difference in average levels to which different people were exposed, not an increase in levels over time.
Association between daily ambient air pollution and respiratory symptoms in children with asthma and healthy children in western Japan
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2018
Hideki Hasunuma, Shin Yamazaki, Kenji Tamura, Yoon Ha Hwang, Rintaro Ono, Yuko Amimoto, David J. Askew, Hiroshi Odajima
There are two primary strengths to this study. First, we conducted a panel study of both asthmatics and children without asthma during the same period. Subjects were recruited from primary schools and cooperating medical institutions. Differences in the short-term influences of air pollutant concentrations in Japan between the populations could be carefully clarified. By comparing the results between each group, it was also possible to raise the reliability of the analysis of the relationship between ambient air pollution and respiratory symptoms. Second, we took medication use into consideration in this study. Detailed information on medication use was evaluated, including medications for attacks, respiratory tract infection, and controllers for long-term management. There are a few similar studies using medication use as an outcome. In our study, a significant association with the use of medications for respiratory tract infection in children without asthma was found. Gent et al. [23] reported that, for children with asthma, increased risk of daily symptoms and medication use was associated with daily traffic-related fine particle sources. Klot et al. [24] reported a significant association between inhaled corticosteroid use and the PM2.5 concentration on the same day [odds ratio per interquartile range increase (28 µg/m3), 1.10] in adults. PM2.5 concentration was not associated with beta-2-agonist use, wheezing, shortness of breath, phlegm, or cough. The results of our study on children with asthma as well as those of the studies by Gent and Klot et al. [23,24] suggest that air pollution may effect medication use, particularly that which has direct effects on respiratory symptoms. To evaluate the short-term influences of air pollutant concentrations, the information on medication use is thought to be indispensable, especially in children with respiratory diseases.