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Women and Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
Published in Mark C Houston, The Truth About Heart Disease, 2023
Heart disease risk factors for women that are more common than in men include the following:Diabetes mellitus. Women with diabetes are more likely to have CHD than men with diabetes mellitus.Mental stress, anxiety, and depression.Smoking.Menopause. Low levels of estrogen after menopause pose a significant risk of developing CHD in the small coronary arteries.Pregnancy complications. High blood pressure or diabetes during pregnancy can increase the mother's long-term risk of both hypertension and CHD.Family history of early heart disease. This may be a greater risk factor in women than in men.Inflammatory diseases. Rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus, and other autoimmune diseases will increase CHD.
Fetal Death
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
A special outpatient visit should be set up to review the results of the complete workup, and discuss possible etiology and future management (Table 57.3). If a particular medical problem is identified in the mother, it should be addressed prior to next conception (see specific guidelines). For example, optimizing diabetic control, or chronic hypertension, prior to conception. Preconception counseling is helpful if congenital anomalies or genetic abnormalities are found. In some cases, such as cord occlusion, the patient can be assured that recurrence is unlikely [56, 57, 88]. Overall, there is an increased incidence of pregnancy complications, such as stillbirth (2.5- to 10-fold increase depending on the study) [18, 89], preterm birth (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.9–4.2), pre-eclampsia (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.7–5.7) and placental abruption (OR 9.4, 95% CI 4.5–19.7) in subsequent pregnancies [90].
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Published in James M. Rippe, Manual of Lifestyle Medicine, 2021
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common pregnancy complications affecting approximately 7% of pregnancies in the United States. GDM (18) is highest among obese and overweight women. Exercise appears to lower the risk of GDM. In one study, physical activity reduced the risk of GDM by 48% (19). Exercise can also be a component of the treatment for GDM.
Maternal Epilepsy and Umbilical Cord Blood Oxidative Stress Level
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2022
Kadriye Yakut, Fatma Doğa Öcal, Cem Sanhal, Özgür Öcal, Yüksel Oğuz, Özcan Erel, Turhan Çağlar
Distributions of some variables of the patients in epilepsy group are shown in Table 2. The duration of epilepsy at enrollment was on average 9,75 years (0,2-30,0). Only two patients were diagnosed with epilepsy disease during pregnancy and started using antiepileptic drugs. Two of the patients that were diagnosed with epilepsy before pregnancy did not use any antiepileptic drugs. Twenty-six of the patients using antiepileptic drugs took monotherapy, and two were administered polytherapy (Lamotrigine with Carbamazepine and Levetiracetam with Carbamazepine). As mentioned in Table 2, the most preferred antiepileptic drug was Levetiracetam with the proportion of 36%. In terms of pregnancy complications, nine of the study group had pregnancy complications such as fetal distress (n = 3), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (n = 1), macrosomia (n = 2), oligohydramnios (n = 1) and preterm labor (n = 1). There were no congenital malformations in the epilepsy group. Eight of the participants with the disease had seizures during pregnancy.
Histopathology of Third Trimester Placenta from SARS-CoV-2-Positive Women
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2022
Mai He, Priya Skaria, Kasey Kreutz, Ling Chen, Ian S. Hagemann, Ebony B. Carter, Indira U. Mysorekar, D. Michael Nelson, John Pfeifer, Louis P. Dehner
Studies of pregnancy outcomes associated with COVID-19 infection suggest that pregnant women with SARS-CoV2 infection have increased pregnancy complications [4, 5]. The placenta is the key organ at the maternal/fetal interface and is known to be the root cause for some pregnancy complications. The placenta essentially functions as the lungs and kidneys for the fetus in utero. Recent studies have reported that SARS-CoV-2 can access the placental interface and potentially be transmitted to the fetus [2]. Valdés G et al have reported immunocytochemical expression of ACE2 in the syncytiotrophoblast (ST), cytotrophoblast (CT), endothelium and vascular smooth muscle of primary and secondary villi [6], while Vivanti A et al demonstrated potential evidence of transplacental transmission [7]. Identification of placental lesions, if any, may lead to and help further investigation of how the SARS-CoV-2 affects the pregnancy.
Art Therapy as a Support for Women Hospitalized on an Antepartum Unit
Published in Art Therapy, 2021
It is important for these mothers to receive mental health care, in addition to medical care, because their mental health can impact their health post-delivery and the beginning months of bonding with their infant (Alhusen, 2008; Corey et al. 2019; Hogan et al., 2017; Nagle-Yan, 2019; Pisoni et al., 2014). Often, antepartum hospitalization represents a “crisis period,” which impacts the antenatal attachment. In fact, pregnancy complications that result in preterm delivery can make attachment more difficult because the last trimester of pregnancy prepares a mother for the separation of the infant from her body and allows for the idealized expectations of the infant to become realistic. Thus, interruption can adversely affect and complicate the attachment relationship between mother and baby, and can then impact the cognitive, social, and emotional development of a child, as well as their psychosocial trajectories later in life (Hogan et al., 2017; Pisoni et al., 2014).