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Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Published in Seema Khan, Get Through, 2020
Postcoital bleeding may be caused by atrophic vaginitis, cervical ectropion, cervical carcinoma or cervical polyp. Cervical ectropion is eversion of the lower cervical canal and is associated with the three ‘Ps’ – puberty, pregnancy and the combined oral contraceptive pill. It is usually asymptomatic but can present with postcoital bleeding. Treatment involves cryotherapy.
Long-term urologic and gynecologic follow-up in anorectal anomalies: The keys to success
Published in Alejandra Vilanova-Sánchez, Marc A. Levitt, Pediatric Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery, 2020
Geri Hewitt, Daniel G. DaJusta, Christina B. Ching
This patient reports both postcoital bleeding and dyspareunia, or painful intercourse, which occurs both at penetration and throughout intercourse. Both of these complaints require investigation, which should begin with a pelvic exam in the office. Examining the patient under anesthesia would eliminate the ability to reproduce her symptoms. Since the patient has known normal Müllerian structures, a pelvic ultrasound should be obtained only if there is an abnormality (mass or enlargement) identified on pelvic exam.
Cervical Cancer
Published in Dongyou Liu, Tumors and Cancers, 2017
Elsa Delgado-Sánchez, Enrique García-López, Ignacio Zapardiel
Cervical cancer at the initial stages is usually an asymptomatic illness. When present, the most common symptoms are abnormal genital bleeding, postcoital bleeding, or malodorous discharge. Other symptoms related to advanced stages could be pelvic pain, rectal tenesmus, or leg lymphedema [3].
The impact of cryotherapy for symptomatic cervical ectropion on female sexual function and quality of life
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2021
Sukru Yildiz, Ismail Alay, Ecem Eren, Ibrahim Karaca, Gul Gultekin, Cihan Kaya, Huseyin Cengiz
The patients’ age, gravidity, parity, body mass index (BMI), marital status, and delivery type were recorded. The patients were questioned about vaginal discharge, postcoital bleeding, and pelvic pain complaints before and six months after treatment, and they were asked to respond to these questions in terms of each condition’s presence or absence. Postcoital bleeding was defined as non-menstrual bleeding that occurs during or after sexual intercourse. Chronic pelvic pain was defined as noncyclic pain perceived to be in the pelvic area that has persisted for three to six months or longer. The patients were informed about the cryotherapy procedure during their first visit, and they were scheduled to receive the procedure within three weeks. The patients were advised to avoid sexual intercourse with their partner for four weeks after the procedure. The patients were followed up after one month and assessed for their symptoms and adverse effects of the procedure. The patients’ complaints about complications of the treatment, including cervical stenosis, severe bleeding, cervical infection, and pelvic inflammatory disease, were recorded. Cervical ectropion was measured transversely and vertically with a sterile surgical ruler before and six months after treatment, and the median of these measurements was recorded as ectropion size. All of the patients called for a follow-up visit six months later, in which the symptoms and cervical ectropion were assessed by performing a vaginal examination. The health quality and sexual function of the patients were assessed using the Short Form-12 (SF-12) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaires, respectively, both at admission (before cryotherapy) and at the six-month-follow-up visit.
Pelvic floor dysfunction in midlife women
Published in Climacteric, 2019
GSM includes the conditions of vulvovaginal atrophy, urinary frequency, urgency and nocturia (OAB symptoms), sterile dysuria, and recurrent UTI. The typical symptoms of vulvovaginal atrophy include vaginal dryness, dyspareunia, vulvar pruritus, and vulvar burning or pain33. Postcoital bleeding may sometimes occur. Some women report vaginal discharge and/or foul odor34. Recurrent UTI is defined as three uncomplicated culture-proven infections in the preceding 12 months. Reinfection (different organism) and relapse (same organism) are embedded in this definition35.
Clinical manifestations and evaluation of postmenopausal vulvovaginal atrophy
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2021
Faustino R. Pérez-López, Pedro Vieira-Baptista, Nancy Phillips, Bina Cohen-Sacher, Susana C. A. V. Fialho, Colleen K. Stockdale
The most frequent symptoms related to VVA are vaginal dryness, burning, soreness, itching, and irritation of the genital skin [21]. These may be associated with vaginal discharge or sexual discomfort, including dyspareunia or postcoital bleeding. Since the urethra and the vesical trigone are estrogen-dependent tissues, estrogen deficiency among postmenopausal women can contribute to urinary incontinence, urgency, and recurrent urinary tract infections. Figure 1 summarizes the clinical steps to diagnose VVA and rule out other clinical conditions.