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Fenugreek in Management of Female-Specific Health Conditions
Published in Dilip Ghosh, Prasad Thakurdesai, Fenugreek, 2022
There is a good body of evidence for herbal remedies and dietary supplements to manage menopausal symptoms, including cognitive problems (Clement et al. 2011). The phytoestrogens from natural sources are known to provide excellent estrogenic activity (Adlercreutz et al. 1992; Messina, Barnes, and Setchell 1997; Pitkin 2012). The presence of phytoestrogens in the hydroalcoholic extract of fenugreek seed demonstrated cognitive improvement, neuroprotective effect, and antioxidant effect in ovariectomized (OVX) rats (Anjaneyulu et al. 2017). In rats, ovariectomy mimics natural and surgical menopause, making it a suitable animal model for menopause and cognitive aging research (Zakaria et al. 2019). The oral supplementation of fenugreek seed hydroalcoholic extract (200 mg/kg/day for 30 days) could prevent OVX-induced learning and memory decline and shrinkage and death of hippocampal CA3 neurons (Anjaneyulu et al. 2017).
Ovarian Ectopic Pregnancy
Published in Botros Rizk, A. Mostafa Borahay, Abdel Maguid Ramzy, Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Gynecologic Emergencies, 2020
The aim of surgery is to remove the ectopic pregnancy, while trying to preserve normal ovarian tissue [16]. The preferred method is partial ovariectomy via laparoscopic partial oophorectomy or wedge resection at laparotomy. Laparotomy can be necessary in certain emergency conditions, including ruptured ovarian ectopic pregnancy with unstable hemodynamics [2, 29, 31].
The Reproductive System and Its Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
Menopause or climacteric (frequently called "change of life") is a transitional phase in women in which menstruation ceases, usually occurring about age 50, although the age is extremely variable. Not pathologic, menopause nonetheless may be symptomatic, causing hot flushes and sweating, nervousness, depression, and other symptoms; these symptoms are caused by estrogen deficiency and vasomotor responses, so they are often treated with exogenous estrogen. Prematuremenopause refers to cessation of ovarian function before age 40, and artificial menopause follows any medical procedure that "artificially" ends endogenous estrogen production, such as ovariectomy (removal of the ovaries; also called oophorectomy), irradiation of the ovaries, or radium implantation in the uterus.
Expert consensus on fertility preservation in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in girls in China
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2023
For children, ovarian biopsy can be done by laparotomy or laparoscopically. Laparoscopic surgery has smaller trauma and faster postoperative recovery. Generally, the patient is discharged within 1 to 2 days postoperatively which will not delay the subsequent therapy. As single-port laparoscopic surgery has many advantages, including esthetic incision and less trauma. It is generally recommended that the follow-up treatment can be done 3 days after the surgery. In recent years, one center reported that 62% of patients started HSCT conditioning within 24 h after surgery and no postoperative complications occurred [23]. Due to the small size of girl’s ovary, unilateral ovariectomy is recommended for cryopreservation. Menopause occurred 1 to 2 years earlier after unilateral ovariectomy compared to women with two intact ovaries [24,25]. An animal study demonstrated that even up to 75% of total ovarian tissue can be removed without impact on estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) production in rats [26]. The removal of one ovary generally does not affect E2 and P secretion.
Uterine sparing management in patients with endometrial cancer: a narrative literature review
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Maria Zisi, Dimitrios Zygouris, Orestis Tsonis, Sofia Papadimitriou, Mastorakos George, Sophia Kalantaridou, Minas Paschopoulos
After childbearing, a hysterectomy with a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (Concin et al. 2021) is recommended, as the reported recurrence rates remain high (Gallos et al. 2012). Ovarian preservation should only be considered depending on the patient’s age and strict criteria selection. The existing data on the necessity of a bilateral ovariectomy remains controversial (Lee et al. 2013). The clinician must balance and individualise their decision based on the risks and benefits for each patient. Lee et al. (Lee et al. 2013) reported that there was no significant difference in the disease-free survival and overall survival rates between patients with EC that had an ovariectomy and other patients that had ovarian preservation. These findings are in agreement with the study by Wright et al. (2009), who compared the oncological outcomes of almost 3000 women who had an ovariectomy with 400 women who had ovarian preservation. In this study, no significant differences were found. On the other hand, for these young women, we should always consider the long-term consequences of a pre-menopausal ovariectomy, such as an increased risk of coronary disease, a stroke, cognitive impairment and death (Faubion et al. 2015). Consequently, ovarian preservation is an alternative, relatively safe method, which considers the lack of adequate data.
Erzhi pills ameliorate cognitive dysfunction and alter proteomic hippocampus profiles induced by d -galactose and Aβ1–
40 injection in ovariectomized Alzheimer’s disease model rats
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Yongyan Xie, Bo Yan, Min Hou, Maofu Zhou, Chao Liu, Mengsheng Sun, Kun He, Cong Fang, Yaohui Chen, Liping Huang
Rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal injections of 10% chloral hydrate (3.0 mL/kg). Bilateral ovariectomy (Huang et al. 2018) was performed using sterile surgical techniques. A small incision was made in the region between the hip and the last rib on each abdominal side. The fallopian tubes were clamped and ligated, and the ovaries and fat tissue around the ovaries were excised. The muscle and skin layers were then sutured. Sham surgery was performed in the same way but without ligation of the fallopian tubes and resection of the ovaries. After surgery, all rats were injected intramuscularly with penicillin sodium (50,000 U, for 3 days) to fight infection. All rats were fed a soy-free diet to exclude the effects of phytosterols in the diet. Two days after surgery, the exfoliated vaginal epithelial cell smear technique was used to evaluate the success of the ovariectomy. If keratinocytes were not detected in five consecutive day smears, which suggested successful ovariectomy, ovariectomized rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 13 per group), labelled the ‘model’, ‘estradiol valerate’, ‘Erzhi pills high-dose’, and ‘Erzhi pills low-dose’ groups. In addition, sham-operated rats were selected for the sham-operated group (n = 13).