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Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Michael Miller, Arthur Jason Vaught, Torre Halscott
Aspirin alone: Compared to placebo or usual care, low-dose aspirin alone is not associated with improvement in outcomes in pregnant women with APS [7–9]. The summary relative risk for recurrent pregnancy loss is 1.05 (95% CI 0.66–1.68) [10]. A more recent meta-analysis showed a summary risk for live birth rate of 0.97 (95% CI 0.80–1.16) [11]
South Sudan
Published in Ebby Elahi, World Compendium of Healthcare Facilities and Nonprofit Organizations, 2021
The ongoing instability has affected health in South Sudan. Severe acute food insecurity is pervasive, and more than half the population requires some form of humanitarian assistance. The average life expectancy is only 58 years, and the under-five mortality rate is about 91 deaths per 1,000 live births. Diseases contributing to the most deaths in South Sudan include neonatal disorders, lower respiratory infections, diarrheal diseases, malaria, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, protein-energy malnutrition, and meningitis. Non-communicable diseases such as congenital defects, stroke, and ischemic heart disease have also increased, causing significant deaths in the country. Overall, the healthcare system suffers from an extreme shortage of professionals, forcing the country at times to rely on inadequately trained or low-skilled health workers. The country’s hospital infrastructure remains insufficiently developed.
Creating a Set of High-Resolution Vulnerability Indicators to Support the Disaster Management Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Africa
Published in Abbas Rajabifard, Greg Foliente, Daniel Paez, COVID-19 Pandemic, Geospatial Information, and Community Resilience, 2021
Alize Le Roux, Antony K. Cooper, Chantel Ludick, Kathryn A. Arnold, Gerbrand Mans
The mid-year estimate for 2020 for the population of was 59.62 million, with about 51,1% being female, about 28,6% being aged younger than 15 years and about 9,1% being 60 years or older. Life expectancy at birth was estimated at 62,5 years for males and 68,5 years for females, with infant mortality at about 23,6 per 1000 live births. Internal migration is high, estimated to average over 550000 per year between provinces during 2016–2021 [12, 7]. Many South Africans, even amongst the poorest, have two family homes, one in a traditional rural area and one close to the job market, so there is also much travel between the provinces — adding to the COVID-19 risks.
How do IVF patients interpret claims about fertility treatments? A randomised survey experiment
Published in Human Fertility, 2023
Madeleine Carrick, J. Wilkinson, Alex Polyakov, Jamie Kirkham, Sarah Lensen
IVF patients infer that improvements in upstream outcomes will lead to improvements in live-birth, and they are willing to use treatments based on improvements in upstream outcomes. This suggests that claims made about IVF add-ons are likely to be misinterpreted. However, the proximity of the upstream outcome to live-birth does not clearly influence patients’ willingness to use treatment options. Patients take note of potential risks and caveats about the lack of evidence for effects on live-birth and are less willing to use treatments not confirmed to improve live-birth rate. Information focussing on improvements in upstream outcomes only may be misinterpreted by patients. Thus, patient-facing material circulated by infertility treatment providers should contain caveats about both the safety profile and evidence base for treatments, at a minimum. For instance, success rates and possible benefits of treatment options should be expressed in terms of live-birth where possible, and if the treatment option has not been proven to improve live-birth, this should be stated.
Assisted biomimetic electrostimulation therapy can improve the clinical pregnancy rate of patients with abnormal endometrial receptivity undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Rong Luo, Fang Yang, Tao Shen, Jiahui Wang, Yihan Jin, Jinchun Lu, Yuanjiao Liang
The primary outcome was clinical pregnancy, defined as the presence of one or more intrauterine gestational sacs confirmed by transvaginal ultrasonographic imaging 28–35 days after FET. The secondary outcomes were the endometrial thickness at FET day, implantation rate (IR), biochemical pregnancy, early abortion, and live birth. Endometrial thickness was defined as the two outer edges of the endometrial image on a longitudinal section of the uterus. Biochemical pregnancy was defined as serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) levels greater than 10 mIU/mL on day 14 after FET. The implantation rate was determined by dividing the total number of gestational sacs by the total number of embryos that had been transferred. Early abortion was defined as the disappearance of the foetal heartbeat during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. Live birth was defined as the birth of an infant with breath and a heartbeat after 28 complete gestational weeks.
Effect of orlistat intervention on in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome in overweight/obese infertile women
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2022
Jing Tong, Lulu Xiang, Yichao Niu, Ting Zhang
The pregnancy outcomes were defined according to ‘International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology (ICMART) and the World Health Organization (WHO) Revised Glossary of ART Terminology, 2009’ [11]. Pregnancy tests were conducted at 2 weeks after embryo transfer. Biochemical pregnancy (preclinical spontaneous abortion/miscarriage) was defined as a pregnancy diagnosed only by the detection of hCG in serum or urine and that does not develop in clinical pregnancy. Clinical pregnancy was defined as a pregnancy diagnosed by ultrasonographic visualization of one or more gestational sacs or definitive clinical signs of pregnancy. It included ectopic pregnancy. Clinical pregnancy rate was defined the number of clinical pregnancies expressed per 100 embryo transfer cycles. Miscarriage was defined as pregnancy loss before 20 weeks of gestation. Live birth was defined as the complete expulsion or extraction from its mother of a product of fertilization, irrespective of the duration of the pregnancy, which, after such separation, breathes or shows any other evidence of life, such as heart beat, umbilical cord pulsation, or definite movement of voluntary muscles, irrespective of whether the umbilical cord has been cut or the placenta is attached. Live birth rate was defined the number of live births expressed per 100 embryo transfer cycles.