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Early Pregnancy Loss
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Obstetric Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Lisa K. Perriera, Beatrice A. Chen, Aileen M. Gariepy
Incomplete abortion: Clinical definition describing a history of positive pregnancy test and ultrasound showing intrauterine pregnancy, vaginal bleeding, and a cervical os that is open. Transvaginal ultrasound exam shows heterogeneous tissue distorting the endometrial canal with or without a gestational sac. There is no agreement on a measurement of endometrial thickness that can distinguish incomplete from complete abortion [3].
Miscarriage
Published in Botros Rizk, A. Mostafa Borahay, Abdel Maguid Ramzy, Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Gynecologic Emergencies, 2020
Erich T. Wyckoff, Hadeer Usama Ebrahem Metwally
Threatened abortion may best be described as vaginal bleeding in the setting of a closed cervix but the diagnostic criteria for spontaneous abortion have not been met. Inevitable abortion refers to cases in which the patient has vaginal bleeding and cervical dilation, typically accompanied by crampy pelvic pain. In this case, products of conception may be visualized protruding through the internal cervical os. Missed abortion refers to a spontaneous abortion in a patient with or without symptoms and with a closed cervical os, with criteria for spontaneous abortion having been met. Incomplete abortion refers to cases in which vaginal bleeding and/or pain are present, the cervix is dilated, and products of conception are found within the cervical canal or have been reported to have passed, but the uterus is not completely evacuated. Complete abortion refers to cases in which the products of conception are entirely evacuated from the uterus and cervix and the cervix is closed on examination. Vaginal bleeding and pain may be mild or resolved.
DRCOG MCQs for Circuit A Questions
Published in Una F. Coales, DRCOG: Practice MCQs and OSCEs: How to Pass First Time three Complete MCQ Practice Exams (180 MCQs) Three Complete OSCE Practice Papers (60 Questions) Detailed Answers and Tips, 2020
Syntometrine: Composed of 5 units oxytocin and 500 meg ergonometrine maleate.Contraindicated in the second stage of labour.Given intramuscularly before surgical evacuation of the uterus in an incomplete abortion.Known side-effects of nausea and dizziness.Given with or after delivery of the shoulders in the third stage of labour.
The potential of Zishen Yutai pills to facilitate endometrial recovery and restore fertility after induced abortion in rats
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Mianmian Li, Na Ning, Yu Liu, Xiaohui Li, Qiaojuan Mei, Jiebin Zhou, Qiuling Huang, Wenpei Xiang, Ling Zhang, Xiaoyan Xu
Abortion is a common procedure in women worldwide, with approximately one in four women suffered an abortion at some time in their lives (Sedgh et al. 2007). Intentional pregnancy termination can be performed either using mifepristone with misoprostol or through intrauterine surgical abortion performed by experienced healthcare providers; these two methods are distinguished as medical and surgical abortions, respectively (Ireland et al. 2015). Medical abortion can result in an incomplete abortion, which requires further subsequent uterine evacuation, leading to prolonged periods of bleeding, infection, and thinner endometrium. Surgical abortions are performed directly in the uterus, which can cause perforations and intrauterine adhesions (Templeton and Grimes 2011). These complications can cause serious damage to the endometrium and subsequent infertility (Dickens 2019). Therefore, effective repair of the injured endometrium and restoration of fertility are important issues in post-abortion healthcare (Liu et al. 2019; Kapp and Lohr 2020).
Women’s experiences using drugs to induce abortion acquired in the informal sector in Colombia: qualitative interviews with users in Bogotá and the Coffee Axis
Published in Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters, 2021
Ann M. Moore, Juliette Ortiz, Nakeisha Blades, Hannah Whitehead, Cristina Villarreal
The desire for privacy, lack of awareness about legal abortion as well as restricted access to legal abortion care,10,11 and the persistence of abortion methods women sought before the law changed, mean that women continue to use non-institutional means of interrupting their pregnancies including obtaining abortion medications through informal vendors.12 Shortly after the decriminalisation of abortion, one study found that almost all abortions in Colombia were still occurring outside the legal framework.3 There are no current data on the proportion of women seeking to end their pregnancies through this means. Though medical abortion (MA) outside the clinical context can be a safe means of pregnancy termination,13 when inadequate or inaccurate information or ineffective pills are provided, the use of medications acquired informally may result in complications including incomplete abortion, prolonged bleeding or pregnancy continuation.14–16
The missing link in Kenya’s universal health coverage experiment: a preventive and promotive approach to SRHR
Published in Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters, 2020
Lisa Owino, Annette Wangong’u, Nerima Were, Allan Maleche
While arguably comprehensive, Linda Mama falls short of a comprehensive SRHR package as it only includes one component of SRHR, its goal of safe motherhood. Additionally, there are no promotive aspects within Linda Mama, which has resulted in many Kenyan women failing to understand the package and its benefits for them. Essentially, because of the continued failure to define an essential benefits package, the only package we can identify is one launched by the national government despite provision of health services being a county function. Because of this failure, emphasis for the realisation of SRHR remains largely curative. Preventive and promotive services are underutilised and this affects and will continue to affect people’s most intimate decisions about their SRH and in turn their right to dignity.28 This approach has a gendered impact as it disproportionately impacts on women’s ability to make choices about their own reproductive rights, engaging them only as mothers and not as individuals in their own right. There has been no discourse around access to safe abortion, yet women have access to post-abortion care after an incomplete abortion; and while family planning is available, its inclusion in an essential benefits package remains unclear, given the lack of priority-setting around it.