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Nonhematological Manifestations of Iron Deficiency
Published in Bo Lönnerdal, Iron Metabolism in Infants, 2020
Certainly the most important function of iron in the body is its role in oxygen transport and storage. Therefore, the consequences of iron deficiency have traditionally focused on anemia which reduces maximum oxygen consumption and maximum work performance.4–6 Other consequences of iron deficiency anemia, especially in the severe forms, have been reported. These include shortened survival of erythrocytes in infants,7 effects of anemia on serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels,8,9 reduced leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity, decreased nitro-blue-tetrazolium (NBT) reduction ability, impaired liver growth, and generalized depression of DNA synthesis.10 The latter may lead to increased fetal resorption, decreased fetal size, and a large decrease in total fetal weight in rats.11–13 It has also been noted that rats with iron deficiency anemia show a significantly greater incidence of tongue tumors after exposure to carcinogen.14
Intraspecies Animal Models of Murine Abortion and Treatment by Lymphocyte Immunization
Published in Gérard Chaouat, The Immunology of the Fetus, 2020
The key observation was made after a discussion with Kiger, and upon suggestion by Wegmann, I recalled that resorption rates were normal in the CBA × Balb/c or CBA × B10.D2 matings. Having Balb/c on site, we immediately decided to preimmunize 7 d before mating CBA/J with Balb/c male spleen cells. We were quite lucky not to have B10.D2 readily available !—see below) and to have an excess of Balb/c males (see below). The fetal resorption rates, scored at Days 13 to 14, were dramatically affected by such a maneuver; they dropped from an original 20 to 0%! As controls, preimmunization with CBA male or DBA/2 male splenocytes did not positively affect resorption rates. We immediately repeated the experiment, and, indeed, pooled datas from four experiments yielded a correction from 22 to 5%.
The Etiology of the Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Published in Howard J.A. Carp, Recurrent Pregnancy Loss, 2020
Sara De Carolis, Giuseppina Monteleone, Cristina Garufi, Rotem Inbar, Miri Blank, Yehuda Shoenfeld
In a mouse model of experimental APS, Shoenfeld and Blank [40] infused aCL to pregnant mice in order to induce APS. Mice that were co-treated with a thromboxane receptor antagonist had a significant reduction in the fetal resorption rate from 45% to 19.8% and an increase in mean placental and embryo weights. There was also an increased platelet count in treated mice, indicating the effect of thrombocyte aggregation in APS.
Retinoic acid as a teratogen: IX-Induction of fetal skeletal anomalies and alteration in the utero-placental expression pattern of EGFR during mice development
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2022
Ahmed Said, Abdel-Rahman S. Sultan, Reda A. Ali, Mohsen A. Moustafa
The uteri of the control pregnant mice showed a normal distribution of the live fetuses between the two horns, with an increase in the size of implantation sites gradually from day 9.5 to day 13.5 of gestation. In RA treated group, the uterine horns showed clearly visible hematoma at different parts and abnormal size of some implantation sites (Figure 1(a)). Moreover, there are clearly visible fetal resorption sites at 18.5 days of gestation (Figure 1(a)). When we treated with RA daily on days 8.5, 9.5, 10.5 and 11.5 of gestation, our results showed that there was a significant (P ˂ 0.01) reduction in the number of live fetuses on day 18.5 of gestation from RA treated group (Figure 1(b)) indicating that some fetuses may be resorbed or miscarriaged (data not shown). The fetuses from the control group had normal body weights and lengths. On the other hand, RA treatment caused a significant (P ˂ 0.05) reduction in fetal body weights and lengths (growth retardation) when compared with the control group (Figure 1(c,d)).
An overview of in vivo toxicological profile of thymoquinone
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2020
Habibeh Mashayekhi-Sardoo, Ramin Rezaee, Gholamreza Karimi
A single injection of TQ (15, 35, and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) was given to pregnant Wistar rats and embryo-fetal development on gestation days 11 and 14, was evaluated; also, on gestation day 18, rats were sacrificed and laparotomized. Macroscopic examination of body organs showed fibrous and fibrinous adhesions between various organs as well as adhesions between organs and the body wall and fat necrosis (i.e. steatonecrosis) in the transverse mesocolon or in the mesentery in rats that received 35 or 50 mg/kg of TQ on gestation day 11. In rats treated with TQ 50 mg/kg, rate of fetal resorption was significantly higher than other groups. Significantly elevated serum amylase levels and pathological insults were observed in rats that received 35 or 50 mg/kg of TQ on gestation day 11. No abnormalities in the facial and palatal bones of the head, in the vertebrae, as well as in the phalangeal bones of the forelimbs and hindlimbs, were observed. The results indicated that TQ induces maternal and embryonic toxicities in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Also, at the doses of 35 and 50 mg/kg, TQ potentially disrupted embryonic development during the second trimester of rats’ pregnancy (AbuKhader et al.2013).
Genotoxicity and teratogenicity of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) berry oil
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2020
Pingjing Wen, Peng Zhao, Guangqiu Qin, Song Tang, Bin Li, Jiehong Zhang, Liang Peng
A total of 148 implications and 147 live fetuses were recorded in the negative control group. Compared with the negative control group, ratio of fetal resorption, ratio of live fetuses, fetal weight, fetal body length, and fetal tail length were similar in all the treatment groups (p > 0.05); while in the positive control group, ratio of fetal resorption was significantly increased and the ratio of live fetuses, fetal weight, fetal body length, and fetal tail length were significantly decreased (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01, Table 4).