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Preeclampsia
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Preeclampsia is a complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension and signs of kidney damage (edema, proteinuria) and liver damage (elevated liver enzymes). Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are the most common causes of maternal death. Therefore, prevention as well as early diagnosis and management are imperative.1 Preeclampsia usually begins after 20 weeks of pregnancy and increases the risk of poor outcomes for both the mother and the baby. In severe preeclampsia, hypertension may be accompanied by hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP). Complications of preeclampsia include seizures, fetal growth retardation, low birth weight, premature or stillbirth, and, for the mother, liver or renal compromise. Women who develop seizures are diagnosed as having eclampsia.1
Early Pregnancy Loss
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Obstetric Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Lisa K. Perriera, Beatrice A. Chen, Aileen M. Gariepy
Vaginal bleeding in the first trimester has been associated with several complications in pregnancy, including antepartum hemorrhage (odds ratio [OR] 2.47), preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) (OR 1.78), preterm birth (PTB) (OR 2.05), fetal growth restriction (FGR) (OR 1.54), low birth weight (LBW) (OR 1.83), and perinatal mortality (OR 2.15) [13].
Gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Hypertensive disorders are the most common medical complications of pregnancy. Approximately 7% to 10% of all pregnancies are complicated by hypertension. The two most common forms of hypertension are pregnancy-associated hypertensive disease, which accounts for 70% of hypertension during pregnancy, and pre-existing chronic hypertension, which is responsible for the remaining cases (1). Hypertensive disorders are associated with increased maternal and perinatal mortality and present as a wide spectrum of disorders, ranging from minimal elevation of blood pressure alone to severe hypertension with multiple organ dysfunction.
The role of miRNA-210 in pre-eclampsia development
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022
Ilona Jaszczuk, Dorota Koczkodaj, Adrianna Kondracka, Anna Kwaśniewska, Izabela Winkler, Agata Filip
Pre-eclampsia is recognised after 20 weeks of gestation, but the first unfavourable factor leading to its development is incorrect implantation [15]. The solid shell, formed by the trophoblast cells at the end of the 3rd week after fertilisation, protects the embryo against the adverse effects of increased oxygen levels and xenobiotics, which could disturb organogenesis [18]. On the other hand, growth factors contained in the secretions of the endometrial glands stimulate the development of the trophoblast [19] and a kind of dialogue arises between the decidua and the endometrial glands [20,21]. Disturbance of the balance between cytotrophoblast cells and the activity of endometrial glands may lead to improper embryo implantation, and, as a consequence, to many complications of pregnancy, including the development of pre-eclampsia.
Differentiated serum levels of Krüppel-like factors 2 and 4, sP-selectin, and sE-selectin in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2022
Hongmei Zhang#, Zhigao Chen#, Xiaoling Wang
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a significant complication of pregnancy. In recent years, with changes in lifestyle and dietary habits, the morbidity of diabetes in China increases annually. Furthermore, with the implementation of the two-child policy, there is an increase in the number of aged pregnant women. Considering other factors, including increased resting time, decreased activity, and increased food intake, the population of GDM patients increased during the last years. The prevalence rate of GDM reported in different countries varies due to race, detection methods, and diagnostic criteria. The prevalence worldwide is approximately 7–14% [1], with 5–8.5% reported in China alone [2]. Severe complications can result from GDM, including preeclampsia, infection, macrosomia, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), hypoglycemia, hydramnios, as well as a significantly increased risk of premature delivery and cesarean delivery [3]. Furthermore, a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the future is reported in GDM patients [4,5]. Clinical screening of differentially expressed factors in the serum of GDM patients is of great significance for the early diagnosis and prevention of GDM.
Diagnostic value of miR-101 levels in blood and urine of patients with hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy
Published in Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 2022
Yushan Li, Yuanyuan Wei, Jiong Shao
Hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy (HDCP) is one of the most dangerous complications of pregnancy, which often results in high maternal and fetal mortality (1). HDCP affects up to 10% of pregnant women who have an average twofold higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases later in life (2). According to the severity, HDCP can be divided into gestational hypertension (GH), preeclampsia (PE) (mild and severe), eclampsia, pregnancy with chronic hypertension, and chronic hypertension with PE, among which GH and PE are more prevalent (3). PE, a severe subtype of HDCP, is a serious disease in the field of obstetrics, accounting for about 5–7% of all pregnancies (4). However, the pathogenesis of HDCP is still elusive, so early evaluation of disease severity is critical to executing effective treatment to halt the development of HDCP.