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Pregnancy, Delivery and Postpartum
Published in Miriam Orcutt, Clare Shortall, Sarah Walpole, Aula Abbara, Sylvia Garry, Rita Issa, Alimuddin Zumla, Ibrahim Abubakar, Handbook of Refugee Health, 2021
Zahra Ameen, Katy Kuhrt, Kopal Singhal Agarwal, Chawan Baran, Rebecca Best, Maria Garcia de Frutos, Miranda Geddes-Barton, Laura Bridle, Black Benjamin
Antepartum haemorrhage is defined as bleeding from or into the genital tract from 24 + 0 weeks to birth of the baby. Causes of antepartum haemorrhage include placenta praevia, placental abruption and local causes (for example, bleeding from the vulva, vagina or cervix). Often a cause cannot be found, when it is labelled as ‘unexplained antepartum haemorrhage’.
Placenta previa and placental abruption
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Antepartum hemorrhage can be divided into obstetric and non-obstetric causes. Frequent non-obstetric causes of ante-partum vaginal hemorrhage include cervicitis, cervical polyps, cervical cancer, or vaginal lacerations. In the third trimester, the main clinically important causes of antepartum hemorrhage are placenta previa and placental abruption. When the clinician is evaluating a patient with antepartum hemorrhage, a precise diagnosis is needed so that proper management can be expeditiously implemented.
DRCOG MCQs for Circuit C Questions
Published in Una F. Coales, DRCOG: Practice MCQs and OSCEs: How to Pass First Time three Complete MCQ Practice Exams (180 MCQs) Three Complete OSCE Practice Papers (60 Questions) Detailed Answers and Tips, 2020
Antepartum haemorrhage:Fetal in origin in 0.5% of cases.Concealed in one-third of cases of placental abruptio.Vaginal examination is contraindicated.After 20 weeks requires a Kleihauer test in a rhesus-negative mother.Associated with raised maternal serum α-fetoprotein levels.
Determinants of low birth weight among newborns delivered in China: a prospective nested case-control study in a mother and infant cohort
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2023
Zhuomin Huang, Quanfu Zhang, Litong Zhu, Haishan Xiang, Depeng Zhao, Jilong Yao
In the present study, the frequency of LBW was significantly increased in mothers with a diagnosis of placenta previa, consistent with some previous findings (Moeini et al.2021) in which placenta previa with abnormal placentation occurs more frequency in LBW than in controls. Antepartum haemorrhage is attributed to placenta previa (Crane et al.2000) and leads to maternal anaemia, which has been linked with an increased risk of delivering LBW babies (Figueiredo et al.2019) due to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity (Savaliya et al.2021). Furthermore, placenta previa is an independent risk factor for the placenta accreta spectrum (Liu et al.2021b). The abnormal attachment of the placenta causes dysfunction of maternal vascular remodelling and may result in LBW. Placenta previa is therefore also an important independent risk factor for preterm infant birth (Huang et al.2021). The routine strategy for high-risk pregnancies such as women with placenta previa and other maternal comorbidities is iatrogenic preterm birth, however preterm delivery such as emergency caesarean delivery is linked with LBW. Consistent with this, the present results suggest an overall higher rate of LBW for women with placenta previa.
Umbilical cord diameter in the prediction of foetal growth restriction: a cross sectional study
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Mariam L. Mohamed, Magda M. Elbeily, Maisara M. Shalaby, Yara H. Khattab, Omima T. Taha
This study was conducted as a cross sectional study with a prospective design in the outpatient clinics of a tertiary hospital, after approval of our research ethics committee. We recruited patients at risk for FGR as (a) Maternal age >40 years, (b) Previous small for gestational age baby, (c) Smokers >11 cigarettes per day, (d) Previous stillbirth, (e) Chronic hypertension, (f) cocaine use, (g) daily vigorous exercise, (h) maternal SGA, (i) diabetes with vascular disease, (j) renal impairment, (k) antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, (l) paternal SGA, (m) heavy bleeding similar to menses in the first trimester, (n) preeclampsia, (o) echogenic bowel, (p) unexplained antepartum haemorrhage, (q) low maternal weight gain, (r) BMI < 20 or > 30, and (s) PAPP-A < 0.4 MoM (RCOG 2014), and with sure dates of the last menstrual period to calculate the gestational age. An early ultrasound was done to confirm the gestational age.
Risk factors associated with unplanned caesarean section in women with placenta previa: a cohort study
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Sri Padma Ravali Kanigalpula, Akshaya Murali, Anusha Raveendranath, Priyadarshini Vadivelu, Dilip Kumar Maurya, Anish Keepanasseril
Placenta previa (PP), reported in one in 200 term pregnancies, is characterised by the placenta developing within the lower uterine segment, and is graded based on the relationship between the lower placental edge and the internal os of the cervix (Oyelese and Smulian 2006; Kollmann et al. 2016; Jauniaux et al. 2019). With increasing numbers of caesarean sections (CSs) and assisted reproductive techniques, the rate of PP is constantly on the rise. Approximately, one-third of antepartum haemorrhage could be attributed to it and is observed to be associated with significant maternal and perinatal morbidity (Oyelese and Smulian 2006; Jauniaux et al. 2019).