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Stroke
Published in Henry J. Woodford, Essential Geriatrics, 2022
Broca's (non-fluent) aphasia is caused by a lesion affecting the inferior frontal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere. Speech output is reduced and typically in a stop-start or telegraphic pattern. There is difficulty articulating words and a tendency to omit verbs and prepositions from sentences. Those affected are able to understand speech, usually can read but not write. Speech repetition is impaired. Transcortical aphasia is produced by lesions affecting the connections between Broca's and Wernicke's areas, called the arcuate fasciculus (seeFigure 6.2). Transcortical motor aphasia produces a deficit similar to Broca's aphasia but those affected are still able to repeat phrases.
Rehabilitation of Language Disorders in Adults and Children
Published in Barbara A. Wilson, Jill Winegardner, Caroline M. van Heugten, Tamara Ownsworth, Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2017
Anastasia Raymer, Lyn Turkstra
Two forms of non-fluent aphasia fall in the transcortical category in that, despite non-fluent spontaneous verbal expression, repetition abilities are remarkably intact, yielding a parrot-like quality or echolalia when asked to repeat sentences. In transcortical motor aphasia (TCMA), verbal expression is non-fluent and word retrieval difficulty may arise due to impaired initiation of verbal output (Crosson, Ford and Raymer, 2015). Auditory comprehension can be affected for grammatically complex sentences. TCMA has been described acutely with left hemisphere lesions of the mesial frontal cortex (supplementary motor area), dorsolateral frontal cortex, or thalamus (Kreisler et al., 2000). In mixed transcortical aphasia, sometimes referred to as ‘isolation of the speech area’, repetition is relatively spared, whereas other language domains are severely impaired. This infrequent syndrome occurs with damage to left anterior and posterior cortical watershed regions that preserve left perisylvian cortex (Baumgaertner, 2015).
Positive effects of a computerised working memory and executive function training on sentence comprehension in aphasia
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2018
Lilla Zakariás, Attila Keresztes, Klára Marton, Isabell Wartenburger
A number of studies suggest that there is a relationship between WM and/or EF impairments and sentence comprehension deficits found in aphasia (Caspari, Parkinson, LaPointe, & Katz, 1998; Haarmann et al., 1997; Sung et al., 2009). These studies included individuals with different types of aphasia, such as non-fluent Broca’s aphasia (Ivanova, Dragoy, Kuptsova, Ulicheva, & Laurinavichyute, 2014), dynamic aphasia, a form of transcortical motor aphasia (Novick et al., 2009; Robinson et al., 1998), and fluent conduction aphasia (Gvion & Friedman, 2012; Martin & He, 2004; Martin, Shelton, & Yaffee, 1994).
Italian adaptation of the functional outcome questionnaire – aphasia: initial psychometric evaluation
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2018
Simona Spaccavento, Elisabetta Cafforio, Fara Cellamare, Antonia Colucci, Angela Di Palma, Rosanna Falcone, Angela Craca, Anna Loverre, Roberto Nardulli, Robert L. Glueckauf
Table 1 shows the demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants of the study. The largest number of PWAs (81%) was married and had a spouse or family relative as a caregiver. According to AAT evaluation, 53 patients were classified as fluent PWA (30 with Wernicke’s Aphasia, 20 Amnesic, and three with transcortical sensorial aphasia) and 146 with a nonfluent form of aphasia (91 with global aphasia, 52 with Broca’s aphasia, one with transcortical motor aphasia, and two with transcortical mixed aphasia). Six patients showed residual aphasic symptoms.
Diagnosing and managing post-stroke aphasia
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2021
Shannon M. Sheppard, Rajani Sebastian
Transcortical motor aphasia presents very similarly to Broca’s aphasia, except repetition of words and sentences is relatively preserved. More fluent speech is observed when a patient is repeating words, phrases, or sentences, compared to their spontaneous speech output. Patients have great difficulty initiating speech, and often present with echolalia [15]. Transcortical motor aphasia is associated with lesions just anterior or superior to Broca’s area in the medial frontal cortex and the presupplementary motor area [15–17].