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The patient with acute neurological problems
Published in Peate Ian, Dutton Helen, Acute Nursing Care, 2020
SCI is classified by the clinical effects of the injury: Quadriplegia (also called tetraplegia).Paraplegia.
Experiences of Reproductive and Sexual Health And Health Care Among Women with Disabilities
Published in Jane M. Ussher, Joan C. Chrisler, Janette Perz, Routledge International Handbook of Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health, 2019
Heather Dillaway, Brianna Marzolf, Heather Fritz, Wassim Tarraf, Catherine Lysack
To truly understand the experiences of women with physical disabilities and the barriers such women face as they attempt to lead their reproductive and sexual lives or access health care, we examine research on one group of women with a very specific type of physical disability: spinal cord injuries (SCI). Traumatic SCI refers to a sudden injury that causes paralysis and loss of sensation. Some persons lose the ability to use their legs and lower body (paraplegia), whereas others lose this ability from the neck down (tetraplegia or quadriplegia). Complete or partial motor paralysis necessitates wheelchair use and lifelong coping with a range of serious medical complications (Jensen, Kuehn, Amtmann, & Cardenas, 2007). Thus, survivors of SCI must deal with the physical effects of their impairment while also struggling with the social-relational barriers created by an ableist society that defines their bodies as “abnormal” (Hughes & Patterson, 1997).
Inflammatory diseases affecting the spinal cord
Published in Milosh Perovitch, Radiological Evaluation of the Spinal Cord, 2019
In a spinal extradural abscess, the onset of symptoms is usually rapid, being in essence the result of a present local infection, direct pressure on the spinal nerve roots and cord itself, compression of longitudinal and radicular spinal arteries leading to ischemia of the segments of the cord, and of the impairment to the venous circulation. Circulatory disturbances cause local edema, later, areas of softening, and eventually, the state known as “compression” myelitis.70 Below the site of compression, the CSF will show an increase in cells and protein. In the initial phase, the pain in the back often associated with root pains, tenderness of the bony spinal structures, fever, and leukocytosis are the main symptoms that precede the sensorimotor disturbances in the limbs and bladder paralysis. If a prompt treatment is not applied, irreversible paraplegia or tetraplegia will follow. An extradural abscess represents a neurosurgical emergency, which should be assumed if neuroradiologic evaluation is sought.69
Heat-related issues and practical applications for Paralympic athletes at Tokyo 2020
Published in Temperature, 2020
Katy E. Griggs, Ben T. Stephenson, Michael J. Price, Victoria L. Goosey-Tolfrey
Out of the six impairment groups, spinal cord injury (SCI) is the most comprehensively researched in relation to athletic performance [14]. Athletes with an SCI are eligible to compete in a number of sports including wheelchair rugby, archery, triathlon, wheelchair tennis and athletics (See Table 1). An SCI may occur through either application of extreme traumatic forces or via degenerative and congenital disorders. Individuals with an SCI experience varying degrees of sensory, motor and functional loss depending on the level of their injury. Injury to the cervical region of the spinal cord is referred to as tetraplegia leading to impaired function of the arms, trunk, legs and pelvic organs. Injury to the thoracic, lumbar and sacral segments of the spinal cord, referred to as paraplegia affects the function of the trunk and pelvic organs below the lesion level and the legs. Spinal cord injuries are further classified as being neurologically complete or incomplete in relation to the motor or sensory function [15,16].
Upper limb muscle activation during sports video gaming of persons with spinal cord injury
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2019
Jeffrey P. Jaramillo, M. Elise Johanson, B. Jenny Kiratli
In this study, the playing of Wii video sports games produced meaningful magnitudes of EMG in the upper extremity muscles of the spinal cord injured participants. There were only a few differences observed between muscle activation between players with paraplegia and tetraplegia despite differences in available motor resources. While EMG magnitude was greater for commonly prescribed arm exercises with light weights, this difference might be mitigated if weights were applied during video game play. These findings may be relevant towards designing therapeutic exercise programs that integrate video gaming which can readily be deployed in the home and may help to facilitate functional movement outcomes as well as contribute to enhanced cardiovascular training. Based on our findings, future studies should look at adjunctively integrating video games for chronic SCI individuals to enhance muscle activation and cardiopulmonary training with traditional training paradigms.
Comprehensive, technology-based, team approach for a patient with locked-in syndrome: A case report of improved function & quality of life
Published in Assistive Technology, 2019
Keara McNair, Madeline Lutjen, Kara Langhamer, Jeremiah Nieves, Kimberly Hreha
As mentioned in the methods section, A.R.’s case mix index number calculated for him at admission was severe. In other words, it indicated that A.R. had a very impaired diagnosis in comparison to the rest of the inpatient rehabilitation facility, national, and region average. A.R. spent 153 days in inpatient rehabilitation, which is significantly longer than a typical stroke patient. The rehabilitation facility has an average length of stay for stroke patients of 18 days. However, the typical length of stay for patients with tetraplegia is approximately 84 days. Since A.R. presented more like a patient with tetraplegia and was admitted with total body involvement, it seems appropriate that his length of stay was more similar to this cohort. In addition, he continued to show enough improvement on a weekly basis in order to remain in rehabilitation, and thus, his insurance company supported the stay. His goal was to return home.