China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Published in Nicole M. Farmer, Andres Victor Ardisson Korat, Cooking for Health and Disease Prevention, 2022
Olive oil is comprised primarily of oleic acid (about 70%–80%), an omega 9 MUFA. Virgin and extra-virgin olive oil are higher grades that contain increased amounts of antioxidants, polyphenols, and phytochemicals – compounds found in plants that have been shown to benefit human health. Although MUFA is the major component of olive oil, the polyphenols it also contains have been demonstrated in randomized clinical trials to have both anti-inflammatory and metabolic advantages. In addition, these polyphenols have demonstrated antioxidant and antifibrotic effects on NAFLD. In essence, polyphenols inhibit the production of fat while stimulating the breakdown of fat in the liver. Polyphenols also suppress the activation of liver stellate cells and reduce cancer production.
Digestive and Metabolic Actions of Dopamine
Published in Nira Ben-Jonathan, Dopamine, 2020
The liver has multiple functions including digestion and detoxification, and it is a key regulator of metabolism via its ability to synthesize proteins and generate and store glycogen. About 70%–85% of the liver volume is occupied by parenchymal hepatocytes. Nonparenchymal cells constitute 40% of the total number of liver cells but only 6.5% of its volume. The liver has sinusoids that are lined with two types of cells—endothelial cells and phagocytic Küpffer cells—while nonparenchymal stellate cells are located in the perisinusoidal space. The liver receives a dual blood supply from the hepatic portal vein and hepatic arteries. The portal vein delivers around 75% of the liver’s blood supply and carries venous blood from the spleen, the GI tract and associated organs. The hepatic arteries supply arterial blood to the liver, accounting for the remaining 25% of its blood flow.
The liver, gallbladder and pancreas
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
Dina G. Tiniakos, Alastair D. Burt
Within the parenchyma of the liver there is a complex network of cells. Although the predominant cell type is the hepatocyte, a significant number of other cells, both resident and transitory, are important. Hepatocytes are arranged in plates, lining the blood-filled sinusoids. Sinusoidal endothelial cells are fenestrated, allowing direct access of hepatocytes to constituents of the blood. On the sinusoidal endothelial wall lie phagocytic Kupffer cells and within the perisinusoidal space of Disse are the hepatic stellate cells; these are myofibroblast precursors important in liver fibrosis (Figure 11.3). Liver-specific natural killer (NK) cells are located within the space of Disse and play an important role in the innate immune system response to viral infections. When liver cells are injured, regeneration is rapid and may be complete. Proliferation of hepatocytes can occur anywhere in the acinus, although experimental studies suggest that there is a reserve of hepatic progenitor cells close to the portal tract, within the canal of Hering, the ductular compartment connecting the bile canaliculi to the bile ductules at the limiting plate. The hepatic progenitor cells are capable of differentiating into hepatocytes and/or bile duct cells (cholangiocytes) when toxic injury or extensive hepatic necrosis precludes regeneration of mature hepatocytes.
Evening primrose oil attenuates oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, apoptosis, and ultrastructural alterations induced by metanil yellow in the liver of rat: a histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical study
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2023
Amany Mohamed Shalaby, Rania H. Shalaby, Mohamed Ali Alabiad, Doaa I. Abdelrahman, Mohammed Alorini, Fatima A. Jaber, Shaimaa Mohamed Abdelfattah Hassan
The current work depicted a considerable rise in collagen fibers in the livers of rats given Myl. Electron microscopy revealed the existence of collagen fiber bundles between hepatocytes, confirming this observation. This might be attributed to the rise in the activity of Kupffer cells, which in turn increases the synthesis of fibrosis-promoting components, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), Transforming growth factor beta 1, TNF- α, IL-1 β, and NF-kB, which all cause liver fibrosis.31 The observed rise in liver fibrosis might be explained by an increase in hepatic stellate cell activity and population. In liver tissue, this is the most common kind of fibrogenic cell. Damaged hepatocytes trigger hepatic stellate cells to take on a phenotype resembling myofibroblasts and increase collagen synthesis and secretion when the liver is harmed.32 All of these findings corresponded to the significant rise in the mean area percentage of GFAP-positive stellate cells as well as the mRNA expression of GFAP, which our research revealed.
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) cirrhosis: a snapshot of therapeutic agents in clinical development and the optimal design for clinical trials
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2022
Pankaj Aggarwal, Mazen Noureddin, Stephen Harrison, Sophie Jeannin, Naim Alkhouri
We envision a future where patients with NASH cirrhosis can be accurately identified without the need for invasive liver biopsy based on NITs. The same NITs will be used as surrogate efficacy endpoints that predict the future development of MALO. Establishing the threshold for change in NITs that corresponds with clinical outcomes is urgently needed before further implementation. We anticipate that the next 5 years will witness a revolution in the way we manage our patients with cirrhotic NASH. New methods to more accurately measure portal pressure are being developed including endoscopic ultrasound and spleen stiffness. New discoveries on the roles of different subsets of hepatic stellate cells in disease progression are likely to translate into relevant therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, RNA interference through antisense oligonucleotides and short interfering RNAs is a novel method to alter the expression of several genetic variants that play significant roles in the development and progression of NAFLD such as DGAT2, PNPLA3, and HSD17β13. The promise of precision medicine is finally becoming a reality as these highly selective therapeutics are being developed at a rapid pace.
Hsp70 modulates immune response in pancreatic cancer through dendritic cells
Published in OncoImmunology, 2021
Bhuwan Giri, Prateek Sharma, Tejeshwar Jain, Anthony Ferrantella, Utpreksha Vaish, Siddharth Mehra, Bharti Garg, Srikanth Iyer, Vrishketan Sethi, Zoe Malchiodi, Rossana Signorelli, Harrys K.C Jacob, John George, Preeti Sahay, Ejas P. Bava, Rajinder Dawra, Sundaram Ramakrishnan, Ashok Saluja, Vikas Dudeja
Tumor-bearing KPC ((B6.LSL-KrasG12D and p53R127H Pdx-cre) or PKT mice ((Ptf1acre/+; LSL-KrasG12D/+;Tgfbr2flox/flox) were euthanized at 3–6 months for KPC tumors and 3 weeks for PKT tumors. These tumors were mechanically dissociated followed by enzymatic digestion using collagenase IV.9,[]9,[][[ Noncancerous epithelial cells were then magnetically depleted using the following antibodies (CD326þ, CD90 and CD45) at passages 4 to 6. Pancreatic stellate cells were isolated using the method published by Apte et al.1415 KPCs and PKT cells were grown in DMEM: F12 media with 1% Penicillin-Streptomycin and 10% Fetal Bovine Serum. Pancreatic stellate cells were grown in Iscove’s Modified Dulbecco’s Medium with 15% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin streptomycin.