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Case-Based Differential Diagnostic Mental Health Evaluation for Adults
Published in Kunsook S. Bernstein, Robert Kaplan, Psychiatric Mental Health Assessment and Diagnosis of Adults for Advanced Practice Mental Health Nurses, 2023
Kunsook S. Bernstein, Robert Kaplan
The Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ) contains ten questions to assess organic brain deficit in elderly clients. KK scored seven errors out of ten questions, indicating moderate cognitive impairment. The scores are generally grouped as follows:0–2 errors: Normal mental functioning.3–4 errors: Mild cognitive impairment.5–7 errors: Moderate cognitive impairment.8 or more errors: Severe cognitive impairment.
Looking at the injured brain
Published in Ross Balchin, Rudi Coetzer, Christian Salas, Jan Webster, Addressing Brain Injury in Under-Resourced Settings, 2017
Ross Balchin, Rudi Coetzer, Christian Salas, Jan Webster
While the various types of dementia initially present with different cognitive profiles, eventually, as cognitive decline progresses, their presentations tend to merge into one overlapping picture of severe cognitive impairment. While many of the dementias do share several common features, there are also differences. For instance, depression is more common with multi-infarct dementia (Kales, Gitlin & Lyketsos, 2015).
Dementia and lower urinary tract dysfunction
Published in Jacques Corcos, David Ginsberg, Gilles Karsenty, Textbook of the Neurogenic Bladder, 2015
Electrical stimulation In an uncontrolled trial, Lamhut et al.108 studied the effectiveness of electrical stimulation in nine incontinent female nursing home patients with DO. These patients had severe cognitive impairment, were bedbound, and were completely dependent in activities of daily living. They were treated with stimulation for 15 minutes twice a week for 8 weeks using a rectal probe. In this group of subjects the treatment was not effective and was associated with a 20% increase in the average number of incontinent episodes. Two patients were withdrawn from the study because of agitation associated with the procedure.
Learnings in developmental and epileptic encephalopathies: what do we know?
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2023
Martina Giorgia Perinelli, Antonella Riva, Elisabetta Amadori, Roberta Follo, Pasquale Striano
DEEs are multifaced diseases with a range of clinical comorbidities that are not purely the result of uncontrolled seizure activity. Moderate-to-severe cognitive impairment and general behavioral problems are typical comorbidities. Additionally, despite the absence of intellectual disability or behavioral difficulties, patients with DEEs experience learning difficulties, particularly in reading, writing and numeracy skills. The complexity and correlation of these difficulties are represented in Figure 1. The significant impact that behavioral, cognitive, and learning features have on both the lives of patients with DEEs and their families emphasizes the need of stadards of care and a multidisciplinary approach in the managamentmanagement of these patietspatients. Additionally, educational and social assistance must be provided. However, to date, there are no standardized assessments and rehabilitative interventions. With this in mind, more research is needed to shed light on the effects of early interventions, multisensory stimulation strategies and neuro-cognitive interventions on brain plasticity, epilepsy, and neurodevelopment. A ‘gold standard’ assessment and interventions may help patients and their families/caregivers to cope and reduce the psychosocial burden these conditions can have.
The relationship between cadmium and cognition in the elderly: a systematic review
Published in Annals of Human Biology, 2023
Xueke Yang, Lijing Xi, Zhaoyan Guo, Li Liu, Zhiguang Ping
Cognitive impairment (CI) is a common disease in the elderly, which is the result of cognitive decline, and the main symptoms are decreased attention and memory (Campbell et al. 2013). Severe cognitive impairment can transform into dementia (Eshkoor et al. 2015), which affects the normal life of the patients and their families. In recent years, with the increasing prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (Alzheimer's Association 2016), the decline of cognitive function in the aged has attracted wide attention. Long-term exposure to Cd causes cognitive decline due to the neurotoxicity of Cd. The possible physiological mechanism is that Cd can induce neuronal cell apoptosis, increase the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and induce oxidative stress (Méndez-Armenta and Ríos 2007; Wang and Du 2013; Branca et al. 2018). Studies showed that Cd might be a cause of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease (Chin-Chan et al. 2015; Huat et al. 2019). There are a large number of studies that showed an association between Cd and cognitive ability in children (Gustin et al. 2018; Liu Z et al. 2019), but there is little research on the relationship between Cd and cognitive ability in the elderly.
Impact of clinical decision-making participation and satisfaction on outcomes in mental health practice: results from the CEDAR European longitudinal study
Published in International Review of Psychiatry, 2022
Mario Luciano, Andrea Fiorillo, Carlotta Brandi, Matteo Di Vincenzo, Aniko Egerhazi, Ramona Hiltensperger, Wolfram Kawhol, Attila Istvan Kovacs, Wulf Rossler, Mike Slade, Bernd Pushner, Gaia Sampogna
Patients’ inclusion criteria were: (a) age between 18 and 60 years at intake; (b) diagnosis of a severe mental illness of any kind according to the Threshold Assessment Grid (TAG) ≥ 5 and duration of illness ≥ 2 years; (c) expected contact with the local mental health service during the 12-month observation period; (d) adequate skills in the host countries’ language; and (e) the ability to provide written informed consent. A mental disorder of any kind as the main diagnosis for patients was established by case notes or staff communication using SCID-IV criteria. Patients were excluded from the study if they: (a) had a diagnosis of mental retardation, dementia, substance abuse, or organic brain disorder; (b) presented severe cognitive impairment; (c) were in treatment by the forensic services; or (d) explicitly withdrew the informed consent. More detailed information about the methodology of the CEDAR study has been published elsewhere (Puschner et al., 2010).