China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Introduction to Geophagia
Published in Anil Gupta, Geophagia, 2019
Furthermore, the work of Gonzalez-Turmo (2009) described a new concept about food and non-food substances. According to Gonzalez-Turmo (2009), edibles are liked by people and non-edibles are those substances people dislike, but a substance that is palatable for one might be unpleasant for another person. Gonzalez-Turmo (2009) asserted in his work that there exists a wide disparity among different cultures in the perception of edibles. It is true that every person has his or her own choice of food items, which is decided by his or her psychology, gustatory perception, access to food groups, and knowledge about foods (Messer 2009). However, the author proclaimed that intake of unusual substances, which definitely have profound negative effects on the physical and mental health of an individual, can never be claimed to be food.
The return of applied epistemology
Published in David Coady, James Chase, The Routledge Handbook of Applied Epistemology, 2018
A second, rather different, example is provided by the various fusions of the psychology of perception and epistemology explored in German-language intellectual circles (in philosophy, but also psychology, physics, anthropology, and other fields) later in the nineteenth century. Here epistemological theory, empirical work, and metaphysical worldviews are brought together in a variety of ways, as philosophers sought to make use of psychology and physiology to make progress on epistemological problems. Friedrich Lange’s “physiological neo-Kantianism,” for instance, draws epistemic conclusions about the senses (as involving inferential processes) from the study of the eye and other sensory modalities, and then applies these epistemic conclusions in arriving at a species of idealism and a corresponding Kantian epistemology. His materialist opponent Heinrich Czolbe presents an unusual interpretation of the empirical data designed to complement a form of naïve realism, in which colors and sounds exist as sensible qualities outside the mind and are transmitted through the nerves to the brain. Ernst Mach, by contrast, tries to sort the whole mess out by going back to epistemological first principles, deriving an empirically respectable account of knowledge, and then applying it to the sciences (for an account of all this, see Edgar 2013).
Sensing the self in the wandering mind
Published in Lesa Scholl, Medicine, Health and Being Human, 2018
Maintaining a geographical orientation towards France, the following section looks to the publications of the French physician, Alaxandre-Jacques-François Brierre de Boismont (1797–1881) a noted authority on the subject of hallucination, and the French psychologist, historian and literary critic, Hippolyte Taine, noted for his studies on the human subject. Through both their works, the state of reverie is used to refigure notions of the self in regards to the physiology and psychology of perception and insanity. Notably it is through their engagement with the arts and humanities, with poets, artists and dramatists, that these authors may ultimately use studies of daydream, reverie and hallucination to question what it means to be human.
The vision of Helmholtz
Published in Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 2021
The passage of the Handbuch through its various editions reflected Helmholtz’s move away from physiological optics toward physics as he progressed from Königsberg to Berlin via Bonn and Heidelberg. Vision was examined progressively with regard to the physics of the stimulus, the physiology of the sense organs, and the psychology of perception. These divisions are represented in the three parts of the Handbuch, which were published separately in 1856, 1860, and 1866. In 1867, they were published together in Gustav Karsten’s Allgemeine Encyklopädie der Physik, with supplements added by Helmholtz. It was translated into French in the same year (Helmholtz 1867b). Despite the impact the Handbuch has had on visual science, its history over the three German editions and its translation into English were not straightforward; the title pages of the three editions and the English translation are shown in Figure 3. With publication in a single volume, in 1867, Helmholtz virtually ceased his active involvement in sensory physiology. In 1869 he wrote: For the time being I have laid physiological optics and psychology aside. I found that so much philosophizing led to a certain demoralization, and made one’s thought lax and vague; I must discipline myself awhile by experiment and mathematics, and then come back later to the Theory of Perception. (Koenigsberger 1906, 266)
Vittorio Benussi’s “Emotional Functional Autonomy”: Resumption and Re-Evaluation
Published in International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 2020
Mauro Antonelli, Serena Cattaruzza, Francesco Strano
When Vittorio Benussi (1878–1927) left Graz for Italy in December of 1918, he was considered by many to be one of the most rigorous and brilliant experimental psychologists of his time. His scientific activity in the Graz School in Austria, which was founded by Alexius Meinong and attended by Stephan Witasek and Rudolf Ameseder, was characterized by an impressive experimental research program in the fields of psychology of perception, time psychology, and psychology of testimony (see Antonelli, 2018).