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Cranial nerves
Published in Ibrahim Natalwala, Ammar Natalwala, E Glucksman, MCQs in Neurology and Neurosurgery for Medical Students, 2022
Ibrahim Natalwala, Ammar Natalwala, E Glucksman
x – Vagus. These are signs of bulbar palsy, so called as it affects cranial nerves IX-XII at the level of the medulla. Hence, this affects the lower motor neurones. Pseudobulbar palsy affects the same cranial nerves although the lesion is at the level of the corticobulbar tracts at the midpons and therefore the patient experiences upper motor neurone signs (e.g. spastic tongue and brisk jaw reflexes).
Spinal Cord Disease
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Pseudobulbar palsy: Parasagittal meningioma.Pick's disease.Bilateral corticobulbar vascular lesions (e.g. brainstem and/or capsular).MS.
Pseudobulbar Palsy
Published in K. Gupta, P. Carmichael, A. Zumla, 100 Short Cases for the MRCP, 2020
K. Gupta, P. Carmichael, A. Zumla
This condition is less common than pseudobulbar palsy. It is characterized by bilateral wasting of the tongue with fasciculation, paralysis of the palate, dysarthria, and, rarely, extraocular muscle palsy. The lesion is that of lower motor neurone type and may be caused by motor neurone disease or syringomyelia.
Differences in nerve excitability properties between isolated bulbar palsy and bulbar-dominant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Published in Neurological Research, 2020
So Young Pyun, Yerim Kim, Seong-Il Oh, Jong Seok Bae
The study from China [6]analyzed a larger number of IBP cases (n = 33) and described their disease course. Those authors also noted the predominance of the female sex, an older onset age, the relative preservation of respiratory function, and a better prognosis in IBP, which somewhat distinguished IBP from more-typical PBP clinically. These findings coincide with the clinical characteristics of our IBP patients, who were predominantly female and had preservedlimb function.However, one difference is that IBP was considered predominantly to be the LMN typein the previous study. There was no clinical evidence of LMN-type bulbar palsy in any of our four patients, while two of them developed the typical pattern of pseudobulbar palsy with emotional lability. We considered the articulation difficulty exhibited by all four IBP patients to be spastic-type dysarthria.
Predicting the future of ALS: the impact of demographic change and potential new treatments on the prevalence of ALS in the United Kingdom, 2020–2116
Published in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration, 2019
Alison Gowland, Sarah Opie-Martin, Kirsten M. Scott, Ashley R. Jones, Puja R. Mehta, Christine J. Batts, Cathy M. Ellis, P. Nigel Leigh, Christopher E. Shaw, Jemeen Sreedharan, Ammar Al-Chalabi
There were 152 incident cases identified over the relevant period. Of these, 72 (47.4%) were female. One person with an unspecified lower motor neuron syndrome was excluded. There were 133 people diagnosed with typical ALS. Of these, 43 were recorded as “Definite” ALS according to El Escorial criteria, 40 “Probable”, 3 “Probable, laboratory-supported”, and 14 “Possible”. Five people with ALS classified under the now defunct category of “Suspected” were included. There were no data on El Escorial category in 28 cases. There were 14 people with primary lateral sclerosis (PLS), 3 with progressive muscular atrophy (PMA) and 1 with a pure pseudobulbar palsy, all of whom were included. After exclusions, and including partial counts as described above, there were 122.9 cases for the incidence calculation. Figure 1 illustrates the incidence sample characteristics.
The Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: Past and Present Aspects
Published in Clinical Gerontologist, 2020
Theodore P. Parthimos, Kleopatra H. Schulpis
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) was first described as a neuropathologic entity in 1964 by Steele, Richardson, & Olszewski (1964) It was reported as a neurological disorder characterized by early postural instability and falls, vertical supranuclear gaze palsy, akinesia, rigidity, pseudobulbar palsy, and frontal dysfunction. (Golbe, Davis, Schoenberg, & Duvoisin, 1988; Litvan, 2001; Litvan et al., 1996; Nath, Ben-Shlomo, Thomson, Lees, & Burn, 2003; Santacruz, Uttl, Litvan, & Grafman, 1998) Cognitive and behavioral changes were also considered very common in PSP. (Schrag et al., 2003).