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Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy
Published in Richard K. Burt, Alberto M. Marmont, Stem Cell Therapy for Autoimmune Disease, 2019
George Hutton, Yu Oyama, Richard K. Burt, Uday Popat
Probable cases of CIDP were reported in the early decades of this century under a number of different names (for a review see ref. 5). In 1958, Austin described two patients with a chronic corticosteroid responsive polyneuropathy.6 In 1975, Dyck and colleagues published a seminal report of 53 patients with a condition they called “chronic inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy’7 Since then, multiple large series have been published expanding the description of the clinical and electrophysiologic features, laboratory studies and treatment responsiveness of the condition.8-10
Nonsurgical acute pain
Published in Pamela E. Macintyre, Stephan A. Schug, Acute Pain Management, 2014
Pamela E. Macintyre, Stephan A. Schug
Guillain–Barré syndrome has a number of different subtypes, but the most common is an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (Walling and Dickson, 2013). This is usually thought of as a primarily motor neuron disease, leading to progressive muscle weakness and sometimes respiratory failure requiring ventilation. However, more than half of patients report severe pain.
Neurological Dengue
Published in Sunit K. Singh, Daniel Růžek, Neuroviral Infections, 2013
The term “Guillain-Barré syndrome” describes the clinical picture of an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, with variable motor, sensory, and autonomic involvement. The typical presentation is with ascending symmetrical paralysis and areflexia, which may progress to respiratory weakness and failure. The majority of cases are preceded by an infection, often Campylobacter jejuni, although numerous antecedent infections have been associated. The etiology is thought to be molecular mimicry leading to immunological cross-reactivity against nerve components.
Evaluation of clinical, diagnostic features and therapeutic outcome of neurobrucellosis: a case series and review of literature
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2022
Sudipta Patra, Vandana Kalwaje Eshwara, Aparna Ramakrishna Pai, Muralidhar Varma, Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay
The rate of neurobrucellosis was 2.8% (7/244) in our setting. It is commonly observed that there are three major categories of neurological presentation in patients with neurobrucellosis: meningoencephalitis, polyradiculoneuropathy and diffuse involvement [45,69,70]. From the literature review, we found meningitis (32.2%) with or without encephalitis was the most common physical finding. The peripheral form, polyradiculoneuropathy, was found in around 7% of cases. The central form is diffuse CNS involvement, predominantly observed as myelitis (2%), central nerves (6.5%) or cerebellar involvement (1%). The involvement of various parts of the CNS has been reported in the literature [1,5,6]. Cranial nerve palsies in neurobrucellosis usually resolve completely with the proper administration of antibiotics, whereas those with chronic CNS infections often have permanent neurological deficits [2,12,18]. Partial or permanent hearing loss after Brucella infection was previously reported and cochlear implantation was found to be the best intervention in these patients [10,14]. It was also advised to start the treatment as soon as possible to prevent irreversible ear damage [2,5,10]. Besides the loss of hearing, ophthalmic complications in neurobrucellosis are not as rare as expected. Impaired vision due to optic nerve atrophy and abducens nerve palsy was also observed among 8% cases of neurobrucellosis [12,17,52].
The potential association between COVID-19 disease and Guillain-Barré syndrome
Published in Neurological Research, 2022
Ozlem Ergin Beton, Ozlem Ozturk Tan, Sule Bilen
Acute polyradiculoneuropathy is a postinfectious immune disorder caused by an uncontrolled immune response targeting peripheral nerves and their spinal roots. This uncontrolled immune response is usually triggered by infectious pathogens. The main clinical feature in cases of acute polyradiculoneuropathy is bilateral extremity weakness, which rapidly progresses. Weakness commonly starts from the distal part of lower extremities and progresses upwards. Although a diagnosis of GBS is based mainly on a typical clinical picture and a neurological examination, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and electromyography (EMG) investigations may be required to aid the differential diagnosis. [10]
A case of Guillain-Barré syndrome related to COVID-19 infection
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2023
Ülkü Türk Börü, Cansu Köseoğlu Toksoy, Cem Bölük, Hayri Demirbaş, Ahmet Çağdaş Yılmaz
Even though it does not fulfill all GBS criteria [12], these findings can be evaluated as mildly symptomatic motor polyradiculoneuropathy. Its onset occurring on day 18 of the COVID-19 infection is also consistent with typical post-viral polyradiculoneuropathy. Another important feature with this patient that draws attention is that the autonomic findings that had started about a week before the motor symptoms started just before the clinical findings began.