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The management of chronic pain
Published in Alison Twycross, Anthony Moriarty, Tracy Betts, Paediatric Pain Management a multi-disciplinary approach, 2018
Alison Twycross, Anthony Moriarty, Tracy Betts
Pain in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis may be assessed using the Varni-Thompson Pain Questionnaire.20 It should be remembered that it is not only the current pain that needs to be addressed but other factors that have an effect on the severity of pain perception: functional status of the childfamily variablespsychological adjustment of the child.
The human experience of pain
Published in Nan Stalker, Pain Control, 2018
Humans and other animals instinctively rub or lick small wounds or injuries to reduce the sensation of pain. It should therefore be possible to modify pain perception by increasing input from some other form of sensory input — a non-drug method of modulating the pain response.
Pain and cognitive penetrability
Published in Jennifer Corns, The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Pain, 2017
Last but not least, the study of the physiology and neuroanatomy of pain also lends support to CPP, by describing neurophysiological mechanisms that can underlie it. Since the launching of the classic gate-control theory of pain, proposed by Melzack and Wall (1965), the brain is no longer regarded as a merely passive recipient of nociceptive signals. Rather, virtually all neuroscientific models of pain assign a crucial modulatory role in pain processing to downstream projections from cognitive, cortical areas, thus allowing brain areas subserving psychological factors to play a dynamic role in pain perception.
Pain, discomfort, and functional impairment after extraction of primary teeth in children with palatally displaced canines – a randomized control trial comparing extraction of the primary canine versus extraction of the primary canine and the primary first molar
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2023
Sigurd Hadler-Olsen, Jeanett Steinnes, Hege Nermo, Anders Sjögren, Elin Hadler-Olsen
Some of the children reported moderate or severe levels of pain and discomfort during anaesthesia, extraction or on the evening of the extraction day. Many studies have found an association between painful dental treatment and dental anxiety [25–27], and there is an apparent risk that extractions can trigger and increase dental anxiety in susceptible children. Thus, it would be useful to find characteristics of the children who reported high levels of pain or discomfort that could help identify predisposed individuals. Pain perception is subjective and can be modulated by learned responses, expectations, and previous experiences [28]. We did not find any significant difference in the level of reported pain or discomfort between children with or without previous experience with invasive dental treatment at any time point. Neither were there any significant differences in reported pain or discomfort between children with a low level of dental anxiety and children with moderate to high dental anxiety, which is somewhat surprising as previous studies have found that dental anxiety is associated with reporting higher levels of pain [25,29]. However, only three of the children included in the study had an MDAS score above 15, so the number of children with severe dental anxiety was probably too low to detect any associations in this study.
Pain and Mental Health
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2023
Colleen Johnston-Devin, Jennifer Mulvogue, Rachel Kornhaber, Loyola McLean, Michelle Cleary
The links between chronic pain and psychological distress are to be expected considering that muscle contraction is increased by stress and anxiety and is relaxed when the person is calmer. Pain perception requires activation of both the supra-spinal and spinal pathways affecting affective and cognitive processes, meaning that pain and emotions can influence each other reciprocally (Strobel et al., 2014). While the experience of chronic pain may trigger stress, anxiety and depression, the experience of stress, anxiety and depression may exacerbate pain reactions (Strobel et al., 2014). Literature such as Suso-Ribera et al. (2016) and Ziadni et al. (2018) attempt to quantify pain and/or quantify the response to pain with studies investigating concepts such as catastrophising, demandingness, and frustration, however neither study reported the nature of the pain condition of the participants. Such distinction between pain conditions is necessary because the definition for chronic primary pain includes that it “is associated with significant emotional distress (e.g., anxiety, anger, frustration, or depressed mood) and/or significant functional disability (interference in activities of daily life and participation in social roles)” (Nicholas et al., 2019, p. 29). Additionally, maladaptive emotional regulation may be an indicator in chronic pain development and maintenance and may explain differences in individual risks and protective mechanisms influencing chronic pain (Koechlin et al., 2018).
Effectiveness of manual therapy in patients with thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Héctor Gutiérrez Espinoza, Felipe Araya-Quintanilla, Cristian Olguín-Huerta, Juan Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Rene Jorquera-Aguilera, Rodrigo Gutiérrez-Monclus, Jaime Castillo-Alcayaga, Patricio Retamal-Pérez
Studies on the effectiveness of MT for functional outcomes in patients with thumb CMC OA were considered eligible for inclusion if the following criteria were fulfilled: 1) Population – Subjects with a history of repetitive use of their dominant hand, and the diagnosis of thumb CMC OA according to clinical and radiographic findings; 2) Type of Intervention – Subjects treated with MT techniques applied in the thumb joint or in other areas that included joint mobilization or neural mobilization with or without other therapeutic interventions; 3) Type of Comparison – Subjects treated with other MT interventions, physical therapy modalities (laser therapy and ultrasound), exercise programs, placebo or sham interventions; 4) Types of Outcomes – Functional outcomes, such as thumb and/or hand function questionnaires, pinch and/or grip strength, thumb and/or hand range of motion, and pain intensity or pressure pain threshold; and 5) Types of Studies – Randomized clinical trials or controlled clinical trials published in English or Spanish. The exclusion criteria were as follows: 1) Studies that included patients with a medical history of rheumatoid arthritis, carpal tunnel syndrome, surgical interventions to the first carpometacarpal joint, or Quervain tenosynovitis; 2) Patients with bilateral symptoms; 3) Patients with degenerative or non-degenerative neurological conditions in which pain perception was altered; and 4) Patients who had received steroid injections within the last six months.