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Assessment and Monitoring
Published in Pamela E. Macintyre, Stephan A. Schug, Acute Pain Management, 2021
Pamela E. Macintyre, Stephan A. Schug
Nociceptive pain is defined as “pain that arises from actual or threatened damage to non-neural tissue and is due to the activation of nociceptors” (IASP). It can be somatic or visceral and results from stimulation of specialized sensory nerve endings called nociceptors as a consequence of tissue damage and subsequent inflammation. Inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins enhance the sensitivity of nociceptors, a process described as peripheral sensitization. Ongoing peripheral nociceptive stimuli will increase the excitability of neurons in the spinal cord, leading to central sensitization. Peripheral and central sensitization result in amplification of subsequent pain stimuli and a lowered pain threshold. Nociceptive pain is the most common type of pain seen in acute clinical settings.
Mechanisms of Pain
Published in Benjamin Apichai, Chinese Medicine for Lower Body Pain, 2021
Nociceptive pain is caused by damage to body tissues. The noxious stimuli that cause tissue damage activate the nociceptors, which are the pain receptors located on the surface of the body or in the musculoskeletal tissues. A signal is then sent from the neuron via the spinal cord to the medulla of the brain, which determines the location and intensity of the stimulus.
Pharmacological Treatment Approaches
Published in Andrea Kohn Maikovich-Fong, Handbook of Psychosocial Interventions for Chronic Pain, 2019
Catherine G. Derington, David K. Choi, Katy E. Trinkley
Nociceptive pain is a protective biologic instinct that signals tissue damage in response to chemical, thermal, or mechanical stimuli. These stimuli can represent trauma, inflammation, or another disease process such as ischemia (i.e., lack of oxygen delivery to the tissue). Nociceptive pain can take place in musculoskeletal tissues (skeletal muscle or body surface structures such as connective tissues) or visceral tissues (smooth muscle-covered or other abdominal organs such as the intestines or pancreas). Patients with nociceptive musculoskeletal pain describe their pain using terms such as “sharp,” “throbbing,” “dull,” or “achy,” and the pain usually can be identified as originating from one or more areas of the body. Patients may describe nociceptive visceral pain as “deep,” “squeezing,” or “pressure,” and patients may not be able to identify the exact place on their body causing the pain.
Pharmacological approaches to treat intestinal pain
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2023
Mikolaj Swierczynski, Adam Makaro, Agata Grochowska, Maciej Salaga
Physiologically, pain originates from specialized sensory neurons (the nociceptors) exposed to mechanical, thermal, or chemical stimuli. However, pain is also classified into many different categories and types depending on its pathophysiology. The most important ones are nociceptive, inflammatory, nociplastic, and neuropathic pain [3]. Nociceptive pain is associated with tissue injury and activation of nociceptors. Autoimmune disorders or infections cause inflammatory pain. Nociplastic pain arises from altered nociception despite the absence of actual or imminent tissue damage. Neuropathic pain is a condition affecting the somatosensory nervous system, both peripheral and central, involving neural damage, irritation, or malfunction. Notably, many types of pain can coexist making suffering even more severe.
Mechanisms of action of vitamin B1 (thiamine), B6 (pyridoxine), and B12 (cobalamin) in pain: a narrative review
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2023
A. M. Paez-Hurtado, C. A. Calderon-Ospina, M. O. Nava-Mesa
Pain is a serious and widespread public health problem affecting around 10%–20% of adults worldwide [1–5]. There are three different types of pain subcategorized according to their pathophysiological mechanisms by the International Association for the Study of Pain. Nociceptive pain is a pain sensation caused by ‘an actual or threatened damage to non-neural tissue and is due to activation of nociceptors’ [6]. Pain initiated or caused by a lesion or a disease of the somatosensory system is referred to as neuropathic pain. Nociplastic pain is defined as ‘pain that arises from altered nociception despite no clear evidence of actual or threatened tissue damage causing the activation of peripheral nociceptors or evidence for disease or lesion of the somatosensory system causing the pain’ [6]. Inflammatory pain is a type of nociceptive pain which results from hypersensibility of nociceptors by inflammatory mediators [7].
Physical activity, self-efficacy and quality of life in patients with chronic pain, assessed during and 1 year after physiotherapy rehabilitation – a prospective follow-up study
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Emma Varkey, Angelica Dahlbäck, Monica Thulin, Mats Börjesson, Daniel Arvidsson, Jonatan Fridolfsson, Paulin Andréll
During ninth month, all patients who underwent rehabilitation at the physiotherapy unit at the Pain Centre at Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra in Gothenburg, Sweden, were consecutively invited to participate in a study, which constitutes the baseline of this study [25]. The physiotherapy rehabilitation included a thorough examination from a biopsychosocial perspective. Thereafter, an individually tailored treatment plan focused on improving physical function was created. The patients received an exercise programme and were encouraged to exercise regularly at home or at the clinic. The treatment period lasted for at least six months, but the treatment period varied between the patients in accordance with individual goals and needs. Inclusion criteria were age over 18 years and ability to understand Swedish. The patients had a variety of chronic pain diagnoses including nociceptive pain, neuropathic pain and nociplastic pain. The present study included a follow-up one year after the baseline evaluation, which was during the rehabilitation period. All patients, who participated in the first study, were invited via a letter to participate in the follow-up study. After receiving the letter, the patients were contacted by telephone and asked about participation. All patients received written study information, and those who agreed to participate signed an informed consent.