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The Role of Nutraceuticals in Depression during Pregnancy and Postpartum Well-Being
Published in Priyanka Bhatt, Maryam Sadat Miraghajani, Sarvadaman Pathak, Yashwant Pathak, Nutraceuticals for Prenatal, Maternal and Offspring’s Nutritional Health, 2019
A history of previous depression, recent psychological stress, the mother’s age, inadequate socioeconomic support, a poor marital relationship, or an unwanted pregnancy are risk factors that affect maternal mood during pregnancy and postpartum (3,6). Inadequate nutrition and micronutrient deficiencies have also been considered as other risk factors for depression in this period. Studies showed nutritional status has an important role in the appropriate function of neurotrophin family, HPA axis, and immune system (6,16) (Figure 12.2).
Chronic Hyperglycemia Impairs Vision, Hearing, and Sensory Function
Published in Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton, Type 2 Diabetes, 2018
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton
Loss of neurotrophic function may result in a nonhealing or persistent cornea epithelial defect, or neurotrophic ulcer. Neurotrophins are proteins that promote the survival, development, and function of neurons. They belong to a class of growth factors, which are secreted proteins that are capable of signaling particular cells to survive, differentiate, or grow.
Correlation of BDNF and cognitive function in smoking Batak male schizophrenic patients
Published in Cut Adeya Adella, Stem Cell Oncology, 2018
E. Effendy, M.M. Amin, N. Utami, F.H. Sitepu
Over two decades of research has highlighted the relationship of cognitive performance with the neurotrophins system. Neurotrophins are a unique family of polypeptide growth factors with similar structures that are involved in the process of brain development, differentiation and survival of neurons, synaptic plasticity, and connectivity. The neurotrophins comprise of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) (Bath et al., 2006). BDNF, a member of the neurotrophic family, is common in the mammalian brain and plays an important role in the development, regeneration, survival, maintenance, and function of the neuron (Zhang et al., 2015; Niitsu et al., 2011). BDNF is a protein highly involved in the development of the nervous system of all mammals, and in the regulation of synaptic transmission. During the period of development, BDNF has been involved in the survival of stem cells, neurogenesis, and neuronal differentiation along with polarisation and neuronal guidance. BNDF also regulates the plasticity aspect of the brain and is thus involved in cognitive function (Rowbotham et al., 2015).
The balance between cell survival and death in the placenta: Do neurotrophins have a role?
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2022
Prachi Pathare-Ingawale, Preeti Chavan-Gautam
Neurotrophins (NTs) are growth factors that regulate the nervous system’s development, maintenance, and function. The neurotrophin family is comprised of four growth factors; brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), NT-3, and NT-4. Each NT binds to the same low-affinity neurotrophin p75NTR receptor, a member of the TNF superfamily but uses different high-affinity Trk receptors, which are members of the tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk) family. BDNF binds to the high-affinity Trk B receptor, whereas NGF binds to the high-affinity Trk A. NT-4 preferentially activates TrkB, and NT-3 uses the Trk C receptor (Reichardt 2006). Binding of NT to the Trk receptor promotes neuronal survival (Yoon et al. 1998), while binding to the p75NTR receptor promotes apoptosis (DeFreitas et al. 2001). NTs are synthesized as precursor forms (i.e.,pro- NT), and their cleavage by intracellular proteases, such are furin (a pro-convertase), generates a carboxyl-terminal mature NT (Kolbeck et al. 1994; Seidah et al. 1996). Mature NTs preferentially activate the respective Trk receptors to induce cell survival, while pro-NTs, which are also biologically active, preferentially activate the p75NTR receptor to induce apoptosis in neuronal cells (Reichardt 2006). The binding of mature NT to Trk receptors promotes cell survival through activation of various signaling molecules like Ras, Rac, PI3k (phosphoinositide 3- kinase), PLC (Phospholipase C), and MAP (mitogen-activated protein) kinase (Harrington et al. 2002).
Innovations and revolutions in reducing retinal ganglion cell loss in glaucoma
Published in Expert Review of Ophthalmology, 2021
Mary Kelada, Daniel Hill, Timothy E. Yap, Haider Manzar, M. Francesca Cordeiro
Cell therapies have gained significant interest owing to their promise in the management of diseases such as multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s, amongst others [94,95], and their lack of dependence on patient compliance with treatment. To overcome the problems described above with the direct administration of neurotrophins, cell and genetic therapies have been sought to provide a more stable source of neurotrophic factors. NT-501 is an investigative implantable device releasing CNTF. This ‘encapsulated cell therapy’ (ECT) uses modified RPE cells (ARPE-19) secreting CNTF contained within a semi-permeable polyethersulfone membrane (Renexus®, Neurotech Pharmaceuticals) that is inserted into the posterior chamber. A retrospective study of patients recruited for the initial phase I trials of this device demonstrated its safety, with no systemic CNTF or CNTF antibodies detected up to 2 years after the trial [96]. Results of phase II randomized, sham-controlled, masked trials in glaucoma (NCT02862938), and macular telangiectasia type 2 (NCT03071965) are awaited.
Potential of ovine Wharton jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells to transdifferentiate into neuronal phenotype for application in neuroregenerative therapy
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2020
Lija Satheesan, Eswari Soundian, Vijayarani Kumanan, Kumanan Kathaperumal
Neurotrophins are well known to regulate growth, survival, differentiation, function, and plasticity of neuronal cells. Quantification of conditioned medium from cultures of UC MSCs and BM MSCs using liquid chip and ELISA, showed these cells secreted different cytokines and chemokines including BDNF which enhanced the growth, differentiation and survival of neurons [23, 24]. The BDNF is a member of the neurotrophin family of growth factors, modulates neuronal activity, helping to support the survival of existing neurons, and encourage the growth and differentiation of new neurons and synapses. Administration of BDNF decreased apoptosis and demyelination in a spinal cord compression model and reduced astroglial scar formation [25]. We relate the increase in NCM induced differentiated NSCs to the corresponding significant (p < 0.01) increase in BDNF secreted by these cells. Earlier reports suggesting extended neurites during culture to be influenced by the growth factors such as BDNF, NGF and neurotrophin factor 3 [26–28] secreted by BM and adipose derived MSCs thus promoting axon growth and increased the plasticity of existing neurons. In our findings, therefore the neurites outgrowth of WJMSCs may be due to the soluble factor BDNF released by these cells present in the NCM.