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Herbs with Antidepressant Effects
Published in Scott Mendelson, Herbal Treatment of Major Depression, 2019
Senegenin is a major bioactive constituent of Polygala tenuifolia Willd that has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotection effects. In mice subjected to chronic unpredictable stress, daily treatment with senegenin ameliorated the stress-induced depression-like abnormalities. The treatment decreased immobility time in the tail suspension and forced swim test, and restored the appetite for sucrose. Subsequent analyses of the hippocampus in these mice also revealed neurochemical changes. Senegenin increased levels of both BDNF and neurotrophin-3 in this area. The cleavage of pro-IL-1β into IL-1β by the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway was also attenuated.20 In mice subjected to chronic daily restraint stress, concomitant daily administrations of extract of Polygala tenuifolia also attenuated stress-induced increases in anxiety-like behavior.21
Correlation of BDNF and cognitive function in smoking Batak male schizophrenic patients
Published in Cut Adeya Adella, Stem Cell Oncology, 2018
E. Effendy, M.M. Amin, N. Utami, F.H. Sitepu
Over two decades of research has highlighted the relationship of cognitive performance with the neurotrophins system. Neurotrophins are a unique family of polypeptide growth factors with similar structures that are involved in the process of brain development, differentiation and survival of neurons, synaptic plasticity, and connectivity. The neurotrophins comprise of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) (Bath et al., 2006). BDNF, a member of the neurotrophic family, is common in the mammalian brain and plays an important role in the development, regeneration, survival, maintenance, and function of the neuron (Zhang et al., 2015; Niitsu et al., 2011). BDNF is a protein highly involved in the development of the nervous system of all mammals, and in the regulation of synaptic transmission. During the period of development, BDNF has been involved in the survival of stem cells, neurogenesis, and neuronal differentiation along with polarisation and neuronal guidance. BNDF also regulates the plasticity aspect of the brain and is thus involved in cognitive function (Rowbotham et al., 2015).
Pathophysiology of detrusor underactivity/acontractile detrusor
Published in Jacques Corcos, David Ginsberg, Gilles Karsenty, Textbook of the Neurogenic Bladder, 2015
Dae Kyung Kim, Michael B. Chancellor
The changes in tissue neurotrophic factors such as nerve growth factor (NGF) have been focused on as a convincing pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy.27–32 In STZ-DM rats, the decrease in tissue NGF levels in the bladder and bladder afferent pathways is associated with diabetic cystopathy.33 Changes in another neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), have also been reported.34–36 It is promising for future treatment strategies in that the changes in tissue neurotrophic factor could play a critical role in inducing diabetic cystopathy.
A novel anti-NGF PEGylated Fab’ provides analgesia with lower risk of adverse effects
Published in mAbs, 2023
Yukari Koya, Hirotsugu Tanaka, Eiji Yoshimi, Nobuaki Takeshita, Shuji Morita, Hiroki Morio, Kanako Mori, Hiroshi Fushiki, Masazumi Kamohara
First, we immunized VelocImmune mice with a recombinant human NGF protein. Using a standard method, lymphocytes from immunized mice were fused with mouse-derived myeloma cells to generate hybridomas that produce anti-NGF antibodies. To select antibodies that bind NGF and inhibit the interaction between NGF and TrkA, competitive ELISA was performed using biotinylated human NGF and recombinant TrkA-Fc protein. Additionally, cross-reactivity to mouse NGF was checked by competitive ELISA using biotinylated mouse NGF. Next, to check binding specificity, we evaluated binding activity to human neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) by ELISA. NT-3 has the highest homology to NGF in the neurotrophic factor family of proteins. Second, to identify antibodies that inhibit NGF/TrkA cell signaling, we performed an NGF-induced calcium influx assay using TrkA-stably expressing HEK293 cells and a Fluorescent Imaging Plate Reader (FLIPR). Third, to identify a functional antagonistic antibody, we conducted a cell viability assay using PC12 cells expressing endogenous TrkA and p75. Fourth, to select Fab fragments of antibodies possessing inhibition activity, we generated Fabs by papain digestion and evaluated their activity. As a result, we identified an antibody clone with high neutralizing activity even in the Fab form.
Sustained intrathecal delivery of amphotericin B using an injectable and biodegradable thermogel
Published in Drug Delivery, 2021
Wenting Lin, Tao Xu, Zhongzhi Wang, Jianghan Chen
Taken together, as compared to the traditional treatment regimen, AMB-loaded thermal was found to be convenient, and more effective with less neurotoxicity. The PLGA-PEG-PLGA triblock copolymers are biocompatible and can effectively deliver an intrathecal drug. Currently, intrathecal hydrogels are widely reported in the repair of spinal cord injury. Dongfei Liu et al. (2016), reported an in-situ gelling drug delivery system, comprising a Poloxamer-407, a 188 mixture-based thermoresponsive hydrogel matrix and, an incorporated bioactive compound (monosialoganglioside, GM1), for spinal cord injury therapy. The thermoresponsive hydrogel delayed the GM1 release for around one month. Irja Elliott Donaghue et al. (2015), reported HAMC hydrogel, an injectable and biodegradable polymeric nanoparticle, as an injection into the intrathecal space for acute local delivery. Neurotrophin-3 was encapsulated in the hydrogel and its in vivo release was observed for 28 d.
Potential of Müller Glia for Retina Neuroprotection
Published in Current Eye Research, 2020
Karen Eastlake, Joshua Luis, G Astrid Limb
Neurotrophins are important not only for promotion of neuronal survival during development and after injury, but for regulation of apoptosis of retinal neurons.34 They promote axon growth, dendrite pruning, the patterning of neural innervation and the expression of key proteins that regulate neuronal functions, such as neurotransmitters and ion channels.2 Neurotrophins belong to a family of highly conserved proteins which includes nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4).35 The regulatory influence of neurotrophins is mediated through two independent classes of receptors: the Trk family of high-affinity tyrosine kinase, which include the TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC receptors, and the low-affinity p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR).36 In general, downstream targets of TrK receptor activation result in pro-survival signalling via the ERK/MAPK and PI3K pathways, whereas p75NTR activation induces a mixture of pro-apoptotic pathways via JNK and a variety of other pathways including NF-κB.37 A further complexity exists in that whilst p75NTR can bind to all neurotrophins, it can also act as a co-receptor for Trk, modulating it into a higher affinity state.38 Although it is generally thought that Trk and p75 receptors trigger opposing signalling systems to promote cell survival and death, it has been proposed that this view may be oversimplified as the complex signalling network of neurotrophins is not completely understood.36