China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Galanin: A Potentially Significant Neuroendocrine Modulator
Published in Craig A. Johnston, Charles D. Barnes, Brain-Gut Peptides and Reproductive Function, 2020
J.I. Koenig, S.M. Gabriel, L.M. Kaplan
A direct effect of galanin on pituitary GH secretion remains controversial. Ottlecz et al. (1986) failed to stimulate GH release from short-term dispersed pituitary cells obtained from ovariectomized female rats. These workers subsequently confirmed their negative findings using dispersed pituitary cells obtained from male pituitaries. In these studies galanin also failed to augment GRH-induced GH release. Meister and Hulting (1987) also failed to induce GH secretion with galanin from dispersed pituitary cells derived from male rats. Interestingly, these authors did demonstrate that galanin and dopamine coincubated with GRH could inhibit GRH-induced GH release. This effect was reversed by neurotensin. The physiological significance of these observations are unknown.
Miscellaneous Neuropeptides
Published in Paul V. Malven, Mammalian Neuroendocrinology, 2019
Neurotensin. The sequence of neurotensin has a N-terminal pyro-glutamine just like the hypophysiotrophic neurohormones LHRH and TRH (Figure 4-5). Neurotensin is found in nervous and non-nervous tissues of the intestinal wall as well as in the brain. It also occurs in LH and TSH cells of the rat adenohypophysis (Bello et al., 1992). Neurotensin-containing neurons of the arcuate nucleus and paraventricular nucleus accumulated a blood-borne fluorescent dye indicating that neurotensin occurs in neurosecretory neurons in which the axons have access to the circulation (Merchenthaler and Lennard, 1991). However, neurotensin has been colocalized with known hypophysiotrophic hormones such as dopamine, CRH, and GHRH. Therefore, the presence of neurotensin in neurosecretory neurons does not prove that this neuropeptide is a neurohormone. About 50% of the neurotensin-containing neurons in the preoptic area of the rat contain the estrogen receptor (Herbison and Theodosis, 1991). Because local immunoneutralization of neurotensin within the rat preoptic area disrupted the estrogen-induced surge of LH (Alexander et al., 1989), it seems possible that neurotensin may mediate part of the effect of estrogen on LHRH.
The Effect of Miscellaneous Hormones and Neurotransmitters on the Immune System
Published in Istvan Berczi, Pituitary Function and Immunity, 2019
Neurotensin is a peptide found both centrally and peripherally in the nervous system. Neurotensin stimulated the release of histamine from rat peritoneal mast cells in a dose-dependent manner; 15 to 20% of total cellular histamine was released by 10−7 to 10−6M concentrations. The release reaction occurred optimally at pH 6.5 to 7.5, at 37°C in the presence of 1 mM calcium, and it was complete within 2 min after the addition of neurotensin. The C terminus was identified as the biologically reactive portion of neurotensin.28
The state-of-the-art pharmacotherapeutic options for the treatment of chronic non-cancer pain
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2022
Ryan S. D’Souza, Brendan Langford, Rachel E. Wilson, Yeng F. Her, Justin Schappell, Jennifer S. Eller, Timothy C. Evans, Jonathan M. Hagedorn
Neurotensin is a neuropeptide that binds to neurotensin receptors (NTSR) and mediates nociceptive responses. Activation of this receptor has been shown to produce anti-nociception in rodent models of acute and chronic pain and tolerance may not occur to its anti-nociceptive effects [117]. Notably, NTSR agonists may produce analgesia, although concerning adverse effects include hypothermia and hypotension that are mediated via activation of the NTSR-1 receptor [118]. In a phase Ia clinical trial, patients with central neuropathic pain secondary to spinal cord injury who were administered a neurotensin A agonist (CGX-1160) reported favorable analgesic outcomes [119]. This is further substantiated by animal models demonstrating anti-nociception to tail-flick, formalin, and complete Freunds adjuvant test [118].
Decreased neurotensin levels as a biomarker in resistant hypertension
Published in Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 2020
Ismail Bolat, Hamdi Pusuroglu, Ali Rıza Demir, Vesile Ornek, Mehmet Erturk
Neurotensin is a biologically active peptide, originally isolated from extracts of bovine hypothalami (6) but also expressed in the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract (7). After its first identification in 1973, neurotensin found throughout the body, including cardiovascular structures (8). Subsequently, changes in neurotensin levels were observed in several pathological conditions such as malignancies (9), Parkinson’s disease (10), and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (11). However, to the best of our knowledge, the value and alterations of neurotensin levels have never been examined in RH patients. Therefore, the aim of this pilot study was to evaluate to assess neurotensin levels in patients with RH and compare these levels with patients with controlled hypertension (CH).
Novel approaches to anti-obesity drug discovery with gut hormones over the past 10 years
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2019
Frances Rose, Stephen Bloom, Tricia Tan
Neurotensin is another gut hormone peptide that is released from neuroendocrine L-cells with GLP-1 and PYY [77]. For some time, neurotensin has been known to acutely suppress food intake [78] via its own receptor, NTS1, although chronic administration of neurotensin does not seem to have any effect on food intake or body weight [79]. Nevertheless, neurotensin levels are increased after RYGB in animal models [80] and in patients [81], similar to GLP-1, OXM and PYY. A PEGylated version of neurotensin (to extend its half-life) has recently been shown to reduce food intake and body weight in diet-induced obese mice. More interestingly, PEG-neurotensin appears to synergize with GLP-1 for even more marked effects on food intake and body weight together with reductions in fatty liver, although there is no difference in glucose tolerance [82]. As yet, the GLP-1/neurotensin combination concept is at an early stage, and it is as yet unclear if this is a viable clinical treatment for obesity.