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Play Therapy With Children With ASD and Chronic Illness
Published in Lawrence C. Rubin, Handbook of Medical Play Therapy and Child Life, 2017
In addition to the diagnostic criteria, there are several co-occurring traits and behaviors that are often seen in individuals diagnosed with ASD. Due to the problems just described, individuals with ASD may appear to lack empathy. However, a truer way of seeing this is that the individual struggles to show empathy and communicate his feelings about a certain person or event. A contributing factor is that individuals with ASD sometimes struggle with the ability to grasp the perspective of another’s viewpoint, or to identify and recognize another’s emotional state. This characteristic is known as Theory of Mind (ToM) or mind-blindness, which Baron-Cohen (1995) states causes individuals with ASD to see other’s behaviors as “confusing and unpredictable, even frightening” (p. 69). Children often are observed in social situations as though they are watching from the sidelines, frozen in place and not sure how to join in or what to do. Mind-blindness creates barriers in forming and sustaining relationships and can lead to the child feeling isolated, which can lead to feelings of self-rejection and despair (Hull, 2015).
Supporting the Practitioner
Published in John Wattis, Stephen Curran, Melanie Rogers, Spiritually Competent Practice in Health Care, 2017
Health care is seen primarily as a fixed skill or competence rather than as a dynamic process that requires emotional and spiritual nutrition and there is a mind-blindness to the needs of the caring mind. Indeed, whenever the well-being of care providers is written about, it is usually only in terms of self-care, indicating a belief that professional care workers are expected to dig deep within and find yet more energy to self-care on top of caring for their clients and patients.
Case 56: Stalking
Published in Barry Wright, Subodh Dave, Nisha Dogra, 100 Cases in Psychiatry, 2017
Barry Wright, Subodh Dave, Nisha Dogra
This stalking behaviour may be due to erotomania (also known as de Clerambault syndrome) in which a person falsely believes, with delusional intensity, that another person is in love with him or her. Erotomania is a descriptive term rather than a diagnosis and some of its potential causes are as follows: Delusional disorder involves the presence of delusions with an absence of other psychopathology (i.e. no evidence of hallucinations or abnormality of mood).Schizophrenia will have evidence of hallucinations, thought disorder and delusions.Schizoaffective disorder has an equal presentation of schizophrenic and mood symptomatology.Hypomania includes evidence of disinhibited behaviour and grandiose beliefs.Organic disorders will show evidence of substance abuse or physical illness on physical examination.Schizoid personality disorder shows a long-standing pattern of avoidance of social situations, emotional coldness and social awkwardness.Schizotypal personality disorder has a long-standing pattern of odd behaviour and ideas with magical thinking and quasi-psychotic experiences.Autism spectrum disorder since early childhood evidence of impairment in social relationships and communication; often accompanied by a narrow, restricted range of interests and repetitive behaviour. Mind blindness means that they have difficulties understanding the emotions of others and frequently misinterpret their intentions and feelings.
Executive Functions and Theory of Mind Skills of Sexually Abused Female Adolescents and Their Externalizing and the Internalizing Behavioral Problems
Published in Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 2021
Ummugulsum Gundogdu, Mehtap Eroglu
The absence of a control group in our study and the limited number of participants prevent us from generalizing the results. If we included the study’s control group, the difference between executive functions and theory of mind skills with the study group could be shown more clearly. Independent of abuse, it could be investigated whether executive functions and ToM skills have a protective role against psychiatric diseases. Another limitation is the absence of male participants in this study. A specific period had been determined for the study, and all applications during that period were from females. Males, who were legally consulted, were cases in which children were aggressors and not victims. It is thought that studies conducted with males who are victims of abuse can provide significant clinical insights. There is a need for more studies involving children, including the male gender, and to use control groups for comparison. Finally, the cross-sectional nature of this study makes it difficult for us to judge the causal direction between ToM and abuse. Prospective long-term studies must be conducted to examine whether mind-blindness opens the door to abuse or ToM skills decrease as a result of abuse.
Do Prisoners Mentalize Differently? Investigating Attachment and Reflective Functioning in a Sample of Incarcerated Lebanese Men
Published in International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 2020
Rudy Abi-Habib, Nourhane Wehbe, Karim Badr, Pia Tohme
Given that insecure attachment is characterized by unstable relationships and difficulties in emotion regulation, it can be argued that insecurely attached people are more vulnerable to anger and impulsivity; this is especially relevant when facing interpersonal difficulties that trigger insecure attachment behaviors, such as avoidance and lack of thinking about emotions (Lowenstein et al., 2016). It is therefore not surprising that studies looking at RF in a population of men showing antisocial and delinquent behaviors found deficits in mentalizing (Levinson & Fonagy, 2004; Moller, Falkenstorm, Holmqvist, Larsson, & Holmqvist, 2014; Newbury-Helps, 2011; Newbury-Helps, Feigenbaum, & Fonagy, 2017). These findings echo Allen, Fonagy and Bateman’s (2008) assumption that “mind-blindness”, defined as a temporary inhibition of mentalizing capacities, constitutes a crucial risk factor for acting upon one’s impulses in an aggressive or violent manner.
Rock drumming enhances motor and psychosocial skills of children with emotional and behavioral difficulties
Published in International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 2019
Ruth G. Lowry, Beverley J. Hale, Stephen B. Draper, Marcus S. Smith
Difficulty in forming and maintaining peer relationships are a particular feature of children with ASD as they struggle to understand the perspective of others, in addition to their poor communication skills; this is commonly referred to as Theory of Mind or mind blindness (Frith 2003). Recently, researchers have suggested that individuals with ASD lack motivation in social interaction, and therefore, seek fewer opportunities to develop social skills (Chevallier et al. 2012). Some researchers have argued that girls display less disruptive behaviors, and therefore, are less likely to come to immediate attention and consequently are less likely to be referred for additional support (Biederman et al. 2005). Molnar-Szakacs and Heaton (2012) argue that individuals with ASD demonstrate preference for music and are able to interpret musical emotion in child and adulthood.